Jan. 17, 2024
Editorial responsibilities : Direction of the collection "Regulations & Compliance", JoRC & Dalloz
► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche et M. Boissavy (dir.), Compliance et droits de la défense. Enquête interne – CJIP – CRPC, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et Dalloz, coll. "Régulations & Compliance" à paraître.
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► Présentation de l'ouvrage :
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🧮 cet ouvrage, placé sous la direction scientifique de Marie-Anne Frison-Roche et Matthieu Boissavy, vient à la suite d'un colloque organisé par le Conseil national des barreaux (CNB) qui s'est déroulé les 20 et 21 avril 2023 : Avocats et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée.
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Ce volume s'insère dans la ligne des ouvrages qui, dans cette collection, sont consacrés à la Compliance.
📚 Lire la présentation des autres ouvrages de la Collection portant sur la Compliance :
🕴️M.A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Le système probatoire de la compliance, 2025
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕L'obligation de compliance, 2024
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, 2023
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, 2022
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Les outils de la Compliance, 2021
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Pour une Europe de la Compliance, 2019
🕴️N. Borga, 🕴️J.-Cl. Marin et 🕴️J-.Ch. Roda (dir.), 📕Compliance : l'Entreprise, le Régulateur, et le Juge, 2018
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Régulation, Supervision, Compliance, 2017
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📕Internet, espace d'interrégulation, 2016
📚Consulter les autres titres de la collection.
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🏗️Construction générale de l'ouvrage :
L'ouvrage s'ouvre sur une Introduction construite en deux parties. La première, en accès libre, consiste dans un document restituant les lignes directrices de l'ouvrage. La seconde, substantielle, est composée de deux articles d'introduction générale.
La premier Titre confronte les enjeux de l'enquête interne aux droits de la défense.
Le deuxième Titre confronte les enjeux de la convention judiciaire d'intérêt public (CJIP) et de la comparution avec reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité (CRPC) à ces mêmes droits de la défense.
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►Appréhender l'ouvrage en s'appuyant sur la présentation des articles :
DOUBLE INTRODUCTION
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Lignes de force de l'ouvrage Compliance et droits de la défense. Enquête interne – CJIP – CRPC accès ligne au texte intégral
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Circuler dans le temps pour mettre en phase Compliance et droits de la défense
I. LES ENJEUX PROCÉDURAUX DE L'ENQUETE INTERNE CONFRONTÉE AUX DROITS DE LA DÉFENSE
🕴️M. Boissavy, 📝
🕴️Benjamin Fiorini, 📝Approche doctrinale de l’enquête interne et de l’enquête pénale privée
🕴️Olivier Catherine, 📝La spécificité des enquêtes internes pratiquées par les groupes internationaux
🕴️Lydia Meziani, 📝La responsabilité de l'entreprise dans la conception et la menée de l'enquête interne
🕴️David Apelbaum, 📝Regards sur les droits de la défense dans l’enquête interne
🕴️Nathalie Leroy & 🕴️Danièle Zucker, 📝L'apport de la psychologie pour l'effectivité des droits de la défense dans l'enquête interne
🕴️Monique Figueiredo, 📝Garantir la valeur probatoire d’un rapport dans le cadre d’une enquête interne opérée dans une entreprise internationale : gestion et bonnes pratiques
🕴️Marion David,📝Combinaison des CRPC et des CJIP. Le cas particulier des affaires de fraude fiscale
🕴️Maria Lancri, 📝La réception des alertes par l'avocat de la PME aux grands groupes. Les procédures de réception des alertes
🕴️Uriel Goldberg, 📝Collecte et traitement des informations dans les enquêtes internes à l'ère numérique : processus et enjeux
🕴️Emmanuel Daoud, 📝Le respect des droits de la défense lors des auditions des enquêtes internes : un gage d’efficacité
🕴️William Feugère, 📝La méthodologie propre à l'avocat enquêteur
🕴️Richard Doudet, 📝L’avocat-enquêteur en droit du travail : un janséniste au milieu du far West
🕴️Dorothée Hever, 📝La défense des personnes physiques dans les enquêtes internes
🕴️Victoire Chatelin, 📝Enquêtes internes, enquêtes pénales et droits de la défense : que nous disent les jurisprudences américaine et anglaise (l’affaire Connolly et l’affaire ENRC) ?
II. LES ENJEUX PROCÉDURAUX DE LA CJIP ET DE LA CRPC CONFRONTÉES AUX DROITS DE LA DÉFENSE
🕴️Sarah-Marie Cabon, 📝Théorie et pratique de la négociation dans la justice pénale
🕴️Stephen L. Dreyfuss, 📝La lutte anti-corruption : l’emprunt au modèle américain et à ses récentes évolutions
🕴️Jérôme Karsenti, 📝Défendre les intérêts des victimes dans la justice pénale économique négociée
🕴️François Saint-Pierre, 📝Le dialogue de l’avocat et de son client, chef d’entreprise, face à la proposition d’une CRPC et d’une CJIP
🕴️Philippe Goossens, 📝Quand se justifie et quand s'arrête la collaboration ?
🕴️Éric Russo, 📝L’enquête interne au cœur des enjeux de conformité et de justice négociée
🕴️Alexis Bavitot, 📝Justice pénale négociée. Avantages présents, risques à venir
🕴️Emmanuel Moyne, 📝Les impacts sur les droits de la défense des disparités de la justice pénale négociée dans l’Union européenne : questionnements et perspectives
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July 3, 2023
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Compliance. CJIP : le calcul de l'amende d'intérêt public / CJIP, Vercel (Lactalis), 30 mars 2023", Newsletter MAFR Law, Compliance, Regulation, 3 juillet 2023.
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📧Lire par abonnement gratuit d'autres news de la Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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🧱 Si l'entreprise n'a pas directement gagné d'argent, quel peut être le montant de l'amende d'intérêt public fixé par une CJIP ? Analyse de la CJIP du 30 mars 2023 Groupe Lactalis, validée par l'ordonnance du Président du Tribunal de Besançon du 1ier juin 2023.
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📧lire l'article ⤵️
June 14, 2023
Conferences
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Compliance et droit processuel" ("Compliance and Procedural Law"), in B. Deffains, M.-A. Frison-Roche and J.-B. Racine (dir.), Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and University Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), Compliance : Obligation, devoir, pouvoir, culture (Compliance : obligation, duty, power, culture), University Panthéon-Assas, Salle des Conseils, 14 June 2023.
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🧮See the full programme of this event
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🎤see the other speech made during the first day of this symposium : "L'obligation de compliance, entre volonté et consentement : obligation sur obligation vaut" ("Compliance Obligation, between will and consent: obligation on obligation works")
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► Summary of the conference: After referring to the chapter in the book Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, which deals more specifically with Procedural Law
The first development relates to the fact that the relationship between Compliance Law and Procedural Law is very difficult because it is often said that they simply have nothing to do with each other, or that they have everything to dislike each other. This is because Compliance is often reduced to processes, and to the mechanical place that algorithms could take in it, in taking care of everything.
Compliance would even have the purpose and effect of ensuring that the company and its managers never come into contact with a judge, the public prosecutor being their best ally in this respect.
Secondly, I recalled the very common idea that Procedural Law is a kind of 'tribute' that the rule of Law demands, which certainly weighs down companies when compared with companies living in systems in which there's not not such a price.
But many stress that Procedural Law could become a model. This can be justified and technically anticipated because it has already happened in Regulation Law, and Compliance Law is the deployment of it
In the third stage, I worked on the alliance between the two, with the procedure (rather than the process) modifying compliance and thereby reinforcing it, evoking the way in which this can manifest itself technically
In the fourth step, I looked for what would be the "naturally appropriate procedure" for Compliance: one that takes into account the duration and the development of "solutions", to which the notion of "sustainability", which is central in the substantive Law of Compliance, refers.
In a fifth stage, and devoting more time to this, I have pointed out where innovation should be the strongest: the proof, the probatory obligation being the "part totale" ("total part") of the compliance obligation. This major issue will be the subject of a series of symposiums held in 2024.
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See the articles that are part of the Second chapter of the book 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📘Compliance jurisdictionalisation, 2023 :
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 🚧From Regulation Law to Compliance Law, 2017.
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 🎤Le rôle du Juge dans le déploiement du Droit de la Régulation en Droit de la Compliance (The role of the Judge in the deployment of Regulatory Law in Compliance Law), in 🧮De la Régulation à la Compliance : quel rôle pour le Juge ?, 2023.
Notably in this perspective, 🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche and 🕴️M. Boissavy, 📕Compliance et droits de la défense. Enquête interne - CJIP - CRPC (Compliance and Due Process. Internal Investigation - DPA), 2024.
May 20, 2023
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Le PNF devrait avoir ouvertement compétence en matière de CJIP environnementale : la CJIP "Guy Dauphin Environnement" du 17 mai 2023" ("The French National Financial Prosecutor’s Office should have open jurisdiction over environmental Judicial Public Interest Agreement: the "Guy Dauphin Environnement" Judicial Public Interest Agreement of 17 May 2023"), Newsletter MAFR Law, Compliance, Regulation, 20 May 2023.
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📧Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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🔴 The Judicial Public Interest Agreement GDE of 15 May 2023 or how the French National Prosecutor's Office is rightly meddling in Environmental Compliance
The Parquet National Financier (French National Financial Prosecutor’s Office) does not have jurisdiction over environmental matters, and this is regrettable. For it is very well placed to obtain, in particular for the benefit of associations, adequate measures for the future, which refers to the definition of Compliance Law. This is what he is actually achieving through the Convention judiciaire d'intérêt public - CJIP (Judicial Public Interest Agreement) GDE.
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📧read the article ⤵️
May 15, 2023
Thesaurus : Convention, contract, settlement, engagement
► Full Reference: Convention judiciaire d'intérêt public - CJIP (Judicial Public Interest Agreement), Parquet national financier - PNF (French National Financial Prosecutor's office) and Guy Dauphin Environnement, 15 May 2023.
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🏛️read the agreement (in French)
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📧read the article published in the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, entitled "Le PNF devrait avoir ouvertement compétence en matière de CJIP environnementale : la CJIP "Guy Dauphin Environnement" du 17 mai 2023" ("The French National Financial Prosecutor’s Office should have open jurisdiction over environmental Judicial Public Interest Agreement: the "Guy Dauphin Environnement" Judicial Public Interest Agreement of 17 May 2023")
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April 25, 2023
Interviews
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Enquêtes internes : une activité en plein développement pour les avocats" ("Internal investigations: a growing business for attorneys"), interview with Miren Lartigue, Gazette du Palais, 25 April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Inspirées des Anglo-saxons et boostées par la loi Sapin II du 9 décembre 2016, les enquêtes internes sont de plus en plus utilisées par les entreprises françaises pour vérifier la réalité de pratiques douteuses en leur sein, découvertes ou alléguées. Parce qu’il s’agit d’un nouveau champ d’activité pour les avocats, le Conseil national des barreaux (CNB) y a consacré une journée lors de son colloque organisé les 20 et 21 avril 2023 sur le thème « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée », qui a réuni 750 participants sur deux jours. Matthieu Boissavy et Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, qui ont participé à l’organisation de cet évènement, nous expliquent les contours de ce nouveau métier."
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► Questions asked (in French):
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April 6, 2023
Interviews
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée" ("Attorneys and rights of the defence in internal investigations and negociated justice"), interview with Marina Brillié-Champaux, Dalloz Actu Étudiant, 6 April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Futurs avocats, c’est à vous que s’adresse cette interview de Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, agrégée des Facultés de Droit, directrice du Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et de Matthieu Boissavy, avocat aux barreaux de Paris et de New York, médiateur, membre du Conseil National des Barreaux, vice-président de la commission Libertés et droits de l’Homme. Les 20 et 21 avril 2023 le Conseil national des barreaux, sous l’impulsion de ses commissions Libertés et droits de l’Homme et Droit et Entreprise, organise un colloque sur le thème « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée ». Si vous êtes déjà dans la profession, il se peut que leurs réponses vous intéressent pour le respect du droit à la justice !"
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► Questions asked (in French):
Le questionnaire de Désiré Dalloz
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April 3, 2023
Interviews
♾️follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Colloque : « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée »" ("Symposium: "Lawyers and rights of the defence in internal investigations""), interview with Olivia Dufour, Actu-Juridique, 3rd April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Le Conseil national des barreaux (CNB) organise les 20 et 21 avril prochains un colloque intitulé « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée ». Matthieu Boissavy, avocat aux barreaux de Paris et de New York, médiateur et vice-président de la commission Libertés et droits de l’Homme du Conseil national des barreaux et Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, professeure de droit, directrice du Journal of Regulation and Compliance nous expliquent les enjeux de ces nouvelles pratiques judiciaires qui bousculent le rôle traditionnel des acteurs de la justice, qu’il s’agisse des avocats ou des magistrats."
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► Questions asked (in French):
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March 30, 2023
Thesaurus : 05.1. CEDH
► Full Reference: ECHR, 5th sect., 30 March 2023, François Ruffin vs France and Association Fakir vs France, req. n° 29854/22 and 29863/22.
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🏛️read the decision (in French)
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Updated: Feb. 2, 2023 (Initial publication: June 23, 2021)
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: J.-M. Coulon, "Le droit de la compliance dans le secteur d'activité de la construction et les contradictions, impossibilités et impasses auxquelles les entreprises sont confrontées" ("Compliance Law in the construction sector and the contradictions, impossibilities and impasses facing companies"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, p. 133-140.
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📕read a general presentation of the book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in which this article is published
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► The summary below describes an article following the colloquium L'entreprise instituée Juge et Procureur d'elle-même par le Droit de la Compliance (The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law) , co-organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Faculté de Droit Lyon 3. This manifestation was designed under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Jean-Christophe Roda and took place in Lyon on June 23, 2021. During this colloquium, the intervention was shared with Christophe Lapp, who is also a contributor in the book (see the summary of the Jean-Marc Coulon's Article).
In the book, the article will be published in Title I, devoted to: L'entreprise instituée Juge et Procureur d'elle-même par le Droit de la Compliance (The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law ).
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► Summary of the article (done by the author): The construction industry is not a regulated sector. Its market is made up of a superposition of territorial strata which are all relevant markets, to which corresponds a specific microcosm of companies. Finally, the temporary association between companies for the purposes of carrying out a project or a work is consubstantial with this sector.
The penetration of Compliance in this sector is inevitably very heterogeneous and results from both exogenous factors (other partners within temporary associations, influence of economic operators from other sectors of activity, capital providers and lenders, incitations from professional organizations ) the endogenous (submission to a Financial Regulatory Authority because the company is listed ; application of the laws on duty of vigilance, and French Law called "Sapin 2"). For example, subject to all these factors combined, the Bouygues group is particularly sensitive to compliance.
Not only internal "legislator", the Bouygues group finds itself in turn "prosecutor and judge" both of itself and of others. Indeed, leading an investigation, filing a complaint, triggering an ethics alert, making use of the leniency program, this group is, however, no other than a sort of assistant for the Prosecutor. In addition, scrutinizing its stakeholders, sanctioning its employees, resorting to a Convention Judiciaire d'intérêt public (judicial agreement in the public interest) or negotiating its sanction within the framework of a procedure instituted by a multilateral bank, it fulfills the function of a judge. Legislator, prosecutor, judge, the Bouygues group is faced with a paradox, in a way encouraged to exercise “sovereignty”, yet it does not benefit from the attributes attached to it or from the unwavering support of the competent Public Authorities.
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Feb. 2, 2023
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: A. Bavitot, "Le façonnage de l'entreprise par les accords de justice pénale négociée" ("Shaping the company through negotiated Criminal Justice Agreements"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, p. 187-198.
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📕read a general presentation of the book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in which this article is published
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► Summary of the article (done by the author): Negotiated justice is "the situation in which the criminal conflict is the object of a trade in the etymological sense of the term negotio, i.e. a debate between the parties to reach an agreement".
Thus, the French legislator has succumbed to globalized mimicry by creating the Convention judiciaire d'intérêt public (Public Interest Judicial Agreement), first in matters of probity and then in environmental matters. What is the nature of this deal of justice? Validated by a judge's order, it does not entail any declaration of guilt, has neither the nature nor the effects of a judgment of conviction and is not registered in the judicial record. Possible at the investigation stage as well as at the pre-trial stage, the Public Interest Judicial Agreement is original in that it makes it possible to avoid either the prosecutor's proceedings or the judge's wrath.
A detailed study of the agreements signed shows that in order to negotiate in the best possible way, the company can and must shape itself. The company will shape the facts of its agreement, shape its charge and, finally, shape its sentence. The article offers a concrete analysis of these three dimensions of corporate shaping to better approach understanding the legal nature of negotiated criminal justice agreements.
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June 23, 2021
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: J.-M. Coulon, "Compliance Law in the construction industry and the contradictions, impossibilities and deadlocks that companies face", in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant, coll. "Compliance & Regulation", to be published.
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📘read a general presentation of the book, Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, in which this article is published
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► The summary below describes an article following the colloquium The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law) , co-organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Faculté de Droit Lyon 3. This manifestation was designed under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Jean-Christophe Roda and took place in Lyon on June 23, 2021. During this colloquium, the intervention was shared with Christophe Lapp, who is also a contributor in the book (see the summary of the Christophe Lapp's Article).
In the book, the article will be published in Title I, devoted to: L'entreprise instituée Juge et Procureur d'elle-même par le Droit de la Compliance (The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law).
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► Summary of the article (done by the author): The construction industry is not a regulated sector. Its market is made up of a superposition of territorial strata which are all relevant markets, to which corresponds a specific microcosm of companies. Finally, the temporary association between companies for the purposes of carrying out a project or a work is consubstantial with this sector.
The penetration of Compliance in this sector is inevitably very heterogeneous and results from both exogenous factors (other partners within temporary associations, influence of economic operators from other sectors of activity, capital providers and lender, incitations from professional organizations ) the endogenous (submission to a Financial Regulatory Authority because the company is listed ; application of the laws on duty of vigilance, and French Law called "Sapin 2"). For example, subject to all these factors combined, the Bouygues group is particularly sensitive to compliance.
Not only internal "legislator", the Bouygues group finds itself in turn "prosecutor and judge" both of itself and of others. Indeed, leading an investigation, filing a complaint, triggering an ethics alert, making use of the leniency program, this group is, however, no other than a sort of assistant for the Prosecutor. In addition, scrutinizing its stakeholders, sanctioning its employees, resorting to a Convention Judiciaire d'intérêt public (judicial agreement in the public interest) or negotiating its sanction within the framework of a procedure instituted by a multilateral bank, it fulfills the function of a judge. Legislator, prosecutor, judge, the Bouygues group is faced with a paradox, in a way encouraged to exercise “sovereignty”, yet it does not benefit from the attributes attached to it or from the unwavering support of the competent Public Authorities.
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🦉This article is available in full text to those registered for Professor Marie-Anne Frison-Roche's courses
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