April 25, 2023
Interviews

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Enquêtes internes : une activité en plein développement pour les avocats" ("Internal investigations: a growing business for attorneys"), interview with Miren Lartigue, Gazette du Palais, 25 April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Inspirées des Anglo-saxons et boostées par la loi Sapin II du 9 décembre 2016, les enquêtes internes sont de plus en plus utilisées par les entreprises françaises pour vérifier la réalité de pratiques douteuses en leur sein, découvertes ou alléguées. Parce qu’il s’agit d’un nouveau champ d’activité pour les avocats, le Conseil national des barreaux (CNB) y a consacré une journée lors de son colloque organisé les 20 et 21 avril 2023 sur le thème « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée », qui a réuni 750 participants sur deux jours. Matthieu Boissavy et Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, qui ont participé à l’organisation de cet évènement, nous expliquent les contours de ce nouveau métier."
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► Questions asked (in French):
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April 25, 2023
Publications

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The role of the Judge in the deployment of Regulatory Law through Compliance Law, Working Paper, April 2023.
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🎤 This working paper was drawn up to serve as the basis for the concluding summary session of the colloquium organised by the Conseil d'Etat (French Administrative Supreme Court) and the Cour de cassation (French Judicial Supreme Court), De la régulation à la compliance: quel rôle pour le juge? ("From Regulation to Compliance: what role for the Judge?") held on 2 June 2023 at the Conseil d'Etat.
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📝 This working paper also served as the basis for the article that concludes the book De la régulation à la compliance : quel rôle pour le juge, published by the La Documentation Française, 2024.
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► Working Paper Summary: It is remarkable to note the unity of conception and practice between professionals who tend to work in administrative jurisdictions and professionals who tend to work in judicial jurisdictions: they all note, in similar terms, an essential movement: what Regulatory Law is, how it has been transformed into Compliance Law, and how in one and even more so in the other the Judge is at the centre of it. Judges, as well as regulators and European officials, explain this and use different examples to illustrate the profound transformation this has brought about for the law and for the companies responsible for increasing the systemic effectiveness of the rules through the practice and dissemination of a culture of compliance. The role of the judge participating in this Ex Ante transformation is renewed, whether he is a public law judge or a private law judge, in a greater unity of the legal system.
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🔓read the Working Paper below⤵️
April 24, 2023
Thesaurus : Autorité des Marchés Financiers (A.M.F.)
Référence complète : AMF, Com. sanctions, Décision n° 4 du 24 avril 2023, Melanion Capital
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April 21, 2023
Thesaurus : 03. Conseil d'Etat
► Full Reference: Conseil d'État (French Council of State), 2nd and 7th chambers reunited, 21 April 2023, n° 464349, Société Orange.
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🏛️read the decision (in French)
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April 20, 2023
Conferences

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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, synthèses de chacune des 8 tables-rondes et synthèse finale, in Conseil National des Barreaux (CNB), L'avocat et les droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée, Paris, 20 et 21 avril 2023.
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🧮Consulter le programme complet de cette manifestation
🧮Retrouver le programme dans lequel les vidéos sont insérées
📕Consulter une première présentation de l'ouvrage dirigé par Marie-Anne Frison-Roche et Matthieu Boissavy.
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Dans la journée du 20 avril 2023
consacrée plus particulièrement aux enquêtes internes
🎥regarder le film de la première session, ayant pour thème : Des avocats dans les enquêtes internes : pourquoi, avec qui et avec quels outils ? cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la deuxième session, ayant pour thème : Quels droits de la défense et quelle déontologie de l'avocat dans une enquête interne ? cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la troisième session, ayant pour thème : Les enquêtes internes en matière sociale : cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la quatrième session, ayant pour thème : Les enquêtes internes dans la lutte anti-corruption et pour le respect du devoir de vigilance : cliquer ICI (la synthèse porta à la fois sur cette 4ième session et sur l'ensemble de la journée)
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Dans la journée du 21 avril 2023
consacrée plus particulièrement à la CJIP et à la CRPC
🎥regarder le film de la première session, ayant pour thème : Théorie et pratique de la négociation dans la justice pénale cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la deuxième session, ayant pour thème : Le rôle du juge, du procureur, du justiciable et de l'avocat dans une CRPC et une CJIP cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la troisième session, ayant pour thème : Combinaison des CRPC et des CJIP : enjeux, défis et perspectives cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la quatrième session, ayant pour thème : Analyse comparative internationale de la justice négociée et prospective cliquer ICI
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🎥regarder le film de la troisième session, ayant pour thème : Combinaison des CRPC et des CJIP : enjeux, défis et perspectives cliquer ICI
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April 17, 2023
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Dans les causes systémiques : "délibérer" plutôt que "se disputer"" ("In systemic causes: 'deliberate' rather than 'argue'"), Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 17 April 2023.
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📧Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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🔴To deal with "systemic causes", including systemic cases of compliance, move from "argument" to "deliberation" from the start
Compliance Law involves systems, for example banking, financial, digital, health, etc. When a dispute is brought before a judge, this dimension remains, whether before a judge of the Law or a judge of the merits, whether before a civil, criminal, commercial, administrative or European judge, etc. The judge's office must be adapted accordingly. And this is in the process of being done.
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📧read the article ⤵️
April 6, 2023
Interviews

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée" ("Attorneys and rights of the defence in internal investigations and negociated justice"), interview with Marina Brillié-Champaux, Dalloz Actu Étudiant, 6 April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Futurs avocats, c’est à vous que s’adresse cette interview de Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, agrégée des Facultés de Droit, directrice du Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) et de Matthieu Boissavy, avocat aux barreaux de Paris et de New York, médiateur, membre du Conseil National des Barreaux, vice-président de la commission Libertés et droits de l’Homme. Les 20 et 21 avril 2023 le Conseil national des barreaux, sous l’impulsion de ses commissions Libertés et droits de l’Homme et Droit et Entreprise, organise un colloque sur le thème « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée ». Si vous êtes déjà dans la profession, il se peut que leurs réponses vous intéressent pour le respect du droit à la justice !"
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► Questions asked (in French):
Le questionnaire de Désiré Dalloz
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April 4, 2023
Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Face aux clauses de Compliance : le Juge (colloque du 7 avril 2023)" ("Facing Compliance clauses: the Judge (symposium of 7 April 2023)"), Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 4 April 2023.
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📧Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation
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Compliance Law is starting to be known; mainly through two blocks:
Firstly the spectacular sanctions by which it made as its entry in Europe by the "BNPP sanction" of 2014.
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Le Droit de la Compliance, 2016
Secondly, the accumulation of tools, legal and non-legal, with which companies have equipped themselves: plans to detect and prevent breaches, internal investigations, mapping, ad hoc training, etc.
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir), 📘Compliance Tools, 2021
But what is the "compliance obligation" in the name of which these fearful and heavy sanctions are pronounced and these new and multiple tools are put in place?
We do not have a very clear idea.
That is why the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and its partner universities have chosen to focus on the topic of the Compliance Obligation in a series of symposiums held in 2023.
🔴JoRC, 🏗️L'obligation de compliance, 2023
It could be said that the company is "obliged" by Compliance because it is obliged by the Law, as Compliance would only mean obeying "regulations" (a term used to describe everything that is obligatory, from the Constitution to ethical charters, etc.). The English vocabulary "comply with" suggests this, as does the Chinese practice of Compliance. The difference would then only be the fact that the company shows its "stakeholders" that it does in fact respect all these texts that commit it.
But the practice and the jurist remember that what is sometimes considered as the heart of the Law, since Roman Law, is Obligations Law, having as its object Contract Law and Tort Law.
Yet, in practice, companies have put contracts concerning compliance everywhere, and they are relatively little studied.
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Contrat de compliance, clauses de compliance, 2023
These may be entire contracts whose very purpose is to entrust another with the task of fulfilling all or part of the compliance obligation incumbent on the company, with regard to personal data.
These may be clauses inserted in contracts with another purpose, for instance sales contracts in a value chain, where the company stipulates that the other company will also ensure compliance obligations for itself or for the other company, e.g. detect and prevent corruption, be vigilant, etc.
Contract Law has already taken on compliance in practice, especially in long-term economic transactions with an international dimension.
The judge has always been present in Obligation Law.
How is the triangle articulated: Judge - Compliance - Obligation?
The Judge has been present from the outset in the development of the Compliance Obligation through criminal liability, administrative liability and the obligation for the company to become a judge of itself, particularly through internal investigations.
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📘Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, 2023
The Judge is also present through Obligation Law stricto sensu, first of all through liability, which is transformed under the effect of the compliance system, which operates more in the logic of "accountability" and generates legal mechanisms of "ex ante liability".
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝La responsabilité Ex Ante, pilier du Droit de la Compliance, 2022
In contractual matters, the Judge will intervene, in particular with regard to the stipulations which, in the contracts which form the architecture of the value chains, ensure the efficacy (and no longer only the effectiveness) of the duty of vigilance.
The Judge will then intervene under the French law of 2017, known as the "Vigilance Law",
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche, 🚧Vigilance, Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance et "Société vigilante", 2023
but also, because the Judge is the "judge of the contract", he will intervene as such.
To identify the Obligation of Compliance,
🔴M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📘Compliance Obligation, 2024
it is therefore necessary to analyse the way in which the Judge apprehends or should in the future apprehend contracts and compliance clauses.
That's why, in the above-mentioned cycle of symposiums, a symposium is being held on 7 April 2023. It is co-organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Law Faculty of Perpignan, and has been designed under the scientific direction of Walid Chaiehloudj and Marie-Anne Frison-Roche.
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April 4, 2023
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : A. Danis-Fatôme & N. Hoffschir, "La loi sur le devoir de vigilance rendue ineffective par le juge", Revue des sociétés, 2023, p.793.
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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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April 3, 2023
Interviews

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche & M. Boissavy, "Colloque : « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée »" ("Symposium: "Lawyers and rights of the defence in internal investigations""), interview with Olivia Dufour, Actu-Juridique, 3rd April 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French): "Le Conseil national des barreaux (CNB) organise les 20 et 21 avril prochains un colloque intitulé « Avocat et droits de la défense dans les enquêtes internes et la justice négociée ». Matthieu Boissavy, avocat aux barreaux de Paris et de New York, médiateur et vice-président de la commission Libertés et droits de l’Homme du Conseil national des barreaux et Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, professeure de droit, directrice du Journal of Regulation and Compliance nous expliquent les enjeux de ces nouvelles pratiques judiciaires qui bousculent le rôle traditionnel des acteurs de la justice, qu’il s’agisse des avocats ou des magistrats."
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► Questions asked (in French):
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March 30, 2023
Thesaurus : 05.1. CEDH
► Full Reference: ECHR, 5th sect., 30 March 2023, François Ruffin vs France and Association Fakir vs France, req. n° 29854/22 and 29863/22.
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🏛️read the decision (in French)
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March 30, 2023
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : J. Gallois, "Approche comparative des caractéristiques principales de la convention judiciaire d'intérêt public. À propos des dernières CJIP rendues en application de l'article 41-1-2 du code de procédure pénale en 2022", AJ Pénal, mars 2023, pp.127-131
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► Résumé de l'article (fait par l'auteure) : "La fin de l'année 2022 a été assurément placée sous le signe de la convention judiciaire d'intérêt public (CJIP). En effet, pas moins de trois accords ont été conclus en moins de trois mois par le parquet national financier (PNF) et plusieurs enseignements peuvent en être tirés.".
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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
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March 24, 2023
Conferences

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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "synthèse", in I. Grossi (dir.), La société vigilante, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Institut de Droit des Affaires, 24 mars 2023.
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🧮Consulter le programme complet de cette manifestation
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Cette réflexion finale a servi de base à un article ; La vigilance, pièce du puzzle européen. Lire le document de travail sous-jacent.
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► Présentation de la synthèse : La synthèse du colloque a été réalisée sur le vif, à partir des notes prises au fur et à mesure du déroulement de la journée. L'écoute des uns et des autres a fait ressortir 4 points qu'il aurait été difficile d'isoler dans une partie du droit positif, parce qu'il a été manifeste que les propos ont porté parfois sur la Compliance, parfois sure l'obligation de vigilance, parfois sur le devoir de vigilance et le plus souvent sur la loi du 27 mars 2017, laquelle a donc servi de porte d'entrée à l'ensemble des réflexions. Mais elle n'a été qu'une porte d'entrée.
Le premier point est justement l'impression d'une ampleur de tantôt de "gloire" et tantôt d'"indignité" qui ont été déversées sur cette loi Vigilance. Les intervenants ont donc fortement divergé.
Le deuxième point est l'impression à l'inverse générale et commune, pour que les orateurs s'en félicitent, s'en inquiètent, s'en réjouissent ou s'en effondrent, d'un grand mouvement auquel nous assistons et que la Vigilance traduit ou/et porte.
Le troisième point est la multiplicité des branches du Droit qui sont utilisées ou touchées, là encore qu'on s'en réjouisse ou pas, et la nécessité de dépasser ces branches du Droit. Face à la Vigilance, des disciplines peuvent apparaître en opposition, tandis que des branches du Droit semblent entrer comme en résistance. La majorité des intervenants ont souligné que les branches du Droit, cette loi n'étant alors que l'expression d'un mouvement plus vaste, la Vigilance dépassant la Loi Vigilance, sont activées et transformées. Il en est ainsi du Droit international et du Droit processuel. L'idée étant que la Vigilance pourrait bien être l'expression d'une branche du Droit spécifique et nouvelle : le Droit de la compliance. Au-delà de la compréhension de ce qui se passe, l'enjeu technique est d'articuler les branches du Droit concernées, notamment dans le rapport entre dispositions spéciales et principes, entre Droit spécial et Droit commun.
Le quatrième point est l'absence de définition de la vigilance. L'on en a peu davantage entendu de ce que pourrait être une "entreprise vigilante"...L'existence d'un devoir portant sur une situation précise suffit-elle à transformer toute l'entreprise et que devient-elle alors dans son entier ? Art pratique, le Droit n'aime pas les mystères. Car comment bien manier un instrument juridique dont la définition varie, dont on ne connaît que le régime, lequel varie au gré des réglementations, diverses et changeantes, ? Peut-elle varier selon les secteurs, selon les entreprises, selon les divers contrats qui sont partout ?
Peut-être, en conclusion et comme cela fût évoqué par certains, au-delà de la directive attendue sur la Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence, c'est plus largement dans le puzzle des définitions que le Droit de l'Union européenne est en train de construire, en corrélation avec le reporting extra-financier, que l'on pourra trouver, dans la conception systémique et humaniste portant l'identité européenne, voire sa souveraineté, ce qui donne sens et simplicité à la Vigilance.
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✏️lire les notes prises sur le vif pour opérer la synthèse
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📝lire l'article publié suite à cette conférence
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March 24, 2023
Conferences

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Propos introductifs : Les buts monumentaux de la vigilance" (Introductory remarks: The Monumental Goals of Vigilance), in La société vigilante ("The Vigilant Company"), Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Droit des Affaires, March 24, 2023.
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This conference is done in French; read its English Summary below⤵️
🧮see the complete program of the manifestation (in French)
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► English Summary of the conference: "Vigilance" is intriguing because, although it occurs in many branches of Law and is familiar in "banking compliance", in a form that is moreover reinforced since it is an obligation of vigilance on the part of the banker about a client whom he/she should "know", it is the "duty of vigilance" that made this notion famous. One could almost say scandalously famous because of a French law of 2017 that now bears its name, called the "Vigilance Law", whereas other laws bear the name of the minister who thought of it, which due diligence (vocabulary used for the European directive) does not erase.
The current challenge is to take the right measure of what "vigilance" is.
Vigilance goes beyond the French Loi Vigilance, which is not enough to express what it is in its few dispositions. To say what it is in the legal system, to use it in practice, to propose the intellectuel legal exercice of qualification, Vigilance must be thought of in Compliance Law, of which it is both a "Tool" and the most advanced point, as shown by the European Directive, whose discussions during its elaboration show these design issues.
Thus, like the whole of Compliance Law, Vigilance is understood, deployed, analysed and exercised through what underpins and gives meaning to all these constantly changing regulations, powers, and obligations, through Compliance Monumental Goals which give it stability and simplicity. This is the least that can be done in a mechanism that has the ambition to organise the "sustainability" of economic relations.
But while Vigilance expresses and concretizes Compliance Monumental Goals, it must not go beyond measure.
In fact, to set up structures, use tools and behave in such a way that human rights and nature are effectively and extraterritorially protected, both negatively and positively, these obligations of the company, which is the natural subject of the "duty", more generally the natural subject of Compliance Law, see its legal powers increased, these means being required for the company to fulfil its new obligations, first legal, then contractual, soon to be unilaterally formulated.
Perhaps we should conceive of a "vigilant company" and not just a company that, beyond and through its economic activity, cares for others and the world, but a company that "watches over" everything and on everything would be to go beyond the measure, to make companies the "regents" of the world and the people who live in it.
Faced with this perspective to be excluded, the construction of a Europe of Compliance, which does not be reduced to corruption fighting or environment protection, and draws on its humanist tradition, distinguishing itself in this respect from the American and Chinese compliance systems, is the major challenge.
Companies are not the alpha and omega, but they are one of the elements of an Alliance between the political Authorities and the population, its link, the one that allows us to escape from the limit of the territory, in what we call by this inadequate term of "extraterritoriality". It is rather a question of going beyond territories, required by the Compliance Monumental Goals of Compliance, of which Vigilance is the advanced point.
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🚧read the English Working Paper, basis of this conference: "Vigilance, Compliance Monumental Goals, and "Vigilant Company""
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📈see the slides created for this conference (in French)
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📝read the article published after this conference
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March 23, 2023
Publications

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► Full reference: M.A. Frison-Roche, Thinking and using Vigilance through its Compliance Monumental Goals, Working Paper, March 2023.
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🎤 This Working Paper has been done as basis for the introduction of the colloquia La société vigilante ("Vigilant Company") at the Aix-Marseille University on March 24, 2023 (conference given in French)
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📝It is also the basis of the article that introduces a special issue on La société vigilante
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► Summary of the Working Paper: The concept of "Vigilance" is difficult to define. Probably because even as it is becoming a standard, it has just entered the legal systems. And what a splash it is! To understand it, it must not be isolated. Neither in the only French law attracting all the attention, all the fears, all the hopes, the so-called Loi Vigilance ("Vigilance Law"), nor in the only technical mechanisms that make Vigilance a reality.
Vigilance is itself only a part of a deeper movement, of which it is the advanced point, allowing us to anticipate the evolution of the whole: Compliance Law.
In this light and for not getting lost in it, because the stakes are so high that one quickly loses the measure of things, with each party lashing out at the others, so Vigilance, the key element of Compliance, requires above all alliances, that we can first examine the entry of Vigilance into the legal system and then understand it through the Monumental Goals which give the measure of it, i.e. both the scope and the limit, each one having to act within the margins that are theirs, States, companies, stakeholders, and judges.
A Will for tomorrow can then emerge today, carried by Europe.
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🔓read the Working Paper⤵️
March 20, 2023
Publications

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Laws, Compliance, Contracts, and Judges: places and alliances, Working Paper, March 2023.
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📝this working paper is the basis for an article published in French (click HERE) in the 📚chronique of Compliance Law held in the Recueil Dalloz.
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📚Read the other articles published by this Compliance Law Chronicle. open since 2018.
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►Summary of this Working Paper: To understand the functioning of compliance systems in the articulation of the legal actors and the legal instruments used, whatever the technical sector considered, it is necessary to put the "law", the "contract" and the "judge" back into the perspective of legitimacy and efficiency regarding what Compliance is.
At the very least, it is a 'conformity' mechanism. In this process of simple obedience, legislators, economic operators, and judges find themselves in the position of having to obey the law in a hierarchical conception.
In a more dynamic and ambitious conception, when Compliance Law is not reduced to a more astute method of obedience but draws substantial normativity from the Monumental Goals pursued, legislators and operators enter an alliance. The contract becomes a major instrument, and the Judge becomes a major actor, no longer to punish the non-obedient but to facilitate the links to help a sustainable system.
Faced with issues such as digital, climatic, and technological challenges, where we are each so weak and isolated, we must not limit our conception and practices to the instrument of conformity but choose the substantial Compliance Law, i.e. the alliance of forces, which puts forward the contract and renews the office of the judge, with the Public Authorities remaining legitimate in setting the Monumental Goals since they commit the future of the social group.
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🔓read bellow the developments⤵️
March 14, 2023
Thesaurus : Soft Law
► Full Reference: Agence française anticorruption - AFA (French Anti-Corruption Agency) and Parquet national financier - PNF (French National Financial Prosecutor's Office), Internal anti-corruption investigations. Practical Guide, march 2023.
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March 12, 2023
Law by Illustrations

Le Droit se prête si bien au cinéma au travers de ces deux personnages spectaculaires que sont le juge et l'avocat, et leur sorte d'accessoire sans lesquels ils n'existeraient pas que sont le coupable, l'innocent, la victime, le voleur, etc. Des branches du Droit
Et précisément les professeurs de Droit qui enseignent cette immense matière sont presque absents des films. Le peu qu'ils y sont représentés est donc d'autant plus précieux.
Ainsi le film Just Cause, sorti en 1995, met en scène comme personnage principal, interprété par Sean Connery, Paul Amstrong, dans une histoire à rebondissements autour d'un jeune homme noir qui attend son exécution après sa condamnation pour avoir assassiner une petite fille atrocement, ce qu'il nie.
Sa grand-mère vient à une conférence où le professeur défend une position par principe hostile à la peine de mort, soulignant ce qu'il estime être la barbarie de l'électrocution, le nombre d'innocents exécutés et le pourcentage de noirs victimes d'erreurs judiciaires, débattant avec un collègue qui défend la peine de mort au nom des victimes ayant subi des atrocités.
L'on ne le revoit plus dans cette activité-là, où son titre de "professeur" lui est toujours donné, puisqu'il accepte le cas et commence alors pour lui une série d'aventures et de mésaventures.
Mais la représentation du professeur de droit est la suivante :
1. L'on comprend par la suite qu'il exerce à Harvard, qu'il a jadis aussi pratiqué, mais que depuis 25 ans il ne le fait plus. Il veut d'ailleurs refuser de prendre le cas car il considère qu'il ne "connait plus la réalité".
2. L'opposition est toujours faite entre lui, si savant dans les livres (qu'il se garde de citer) mais si ignorant des faits, en général et en particulier, le cas s'étant déroulé dans une petite ville du Sud des Etats-Unis.
L'on retrouve dans ce film l'idée commune que les professeurs de droit sont des sortes d'ânes savants, inaptes à comprendre vraiment ce qu'est la vie, par exemple qui sont les meurtriers et qui sont les victimes, qualifications pour lesquelles du sens commun est préférable (incarné par une institutrice) mais dont il est dépourvu, de par sa science juridique et de par sa classe sociale.
L'on retrouve ici sous ce personnage du "professeur de droit" la question du savant, ici le savant en droit, à comprendre les situations, à les reconstituer et à les qualifier, l'idée - fortement américaine - semblant être que l'enfermement dans un amphithéatre, ne sortant que pour faire des conférences tranchées, ne rendant peu apte.
Voir cependant à propos du Droit de la famille, M.-A. Frison-Roche, ...,
March 1, 2023
Interviews

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► Full reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, , F. Ancel, N. Roret, "Les juges vont être de plus en plus présents dans le droit de la compliance" ("Judges will be more and more involved in Compliance Law"), interview with Olivia Dufour, Actu-Juridique, 1st March 2023.
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💬read the interview (in French)
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► Presentation of the interview by the journal (in French) : "À l’instigation du professeur Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, l’École nationale de la magistrature (ENM) a proposé pour la première fois début février une formation en compliance à destination des magistrats et des avocats. François Ancel, conseiller la Cour de cassation, Nathalie Roret, avocate et directrice de l’ENM et Marie-Anne Frison-Roche plaident d’une seule voix pour le renforcement du rôle des acteurs judiciaires dans la compliance."
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► Questions asked (in French):
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Feb. 14, 2023
Thesaurus : 05.1. CEDH
► Full reference: ECHR, Grand chamber, 14 February 2023, Halet c. Luxembourg, n° 21884/18.
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► See the judgment of the third section of the 11th May 2021 which is overruled by this decision.
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Feb. 10, 2023
Thesaurus : 01. Conseil constitutionnel
► Full reference: Conseil constitutionnel (French Constitutional Council), decision n°2022-1035, QPC, 10 February 2023, Société Sony interactive entertainment France et autre
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► Read the decision (in French)
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Feb. 2, 2023
Organization of scientific events
► Full reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, co-organisation de la formation ENM Droit de la Compliance, co-organisé entre l'École nationale de la magistrature et le Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC), les 2 et 3 février 2023.
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► General presentation of the course: The two-day session is designed for magistrates and practicing lawyers who are not necessarily specialized, to enable them, based on concrete cases, to understand the issues, objectives, and methods of compliance mechanisms in companies, including the increasing judicialization and the supranational dimension strengthen, modifying the office of the judge and the role of lawyers.
The analysis is made from the angle of Civil Law (contract, tort), Company Law, Labor Law and Criminal Law, but also governance, financial markets, regulatory, climate and digital issues.
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► Brief bibliography:
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► Will speak:
🎤François Ancel, Judge at the Première chambre civile de la Cour de cassation ( First civil chamber of the Court of Cassation)
🎤Guillaume Beaussonie, Professor at Toulouse 1 Capitole University
🎤Jean-François Bohnert, Procureur national financier
🎤Gilles Briatta, Group General Secretary of the Groupe Société Générale
🎤Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Director of the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC)
🎤Cécile Granier, senior lecturer at Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 University
🎤Jean-Michel Hayat, Premier Président honoraire de la Cour d'appel de Paris
🎤Christophe Ingrain, Avocat à la Cour
🎤Anne-Valérie Le Fur, Professor at Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University
🎤Stanislas Pottier, Senior Advisor to the General Management of Amundi
🎤Jean-Baptiste Racine, Professeur à l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II)
🎤Juliette Thery, Membre du Collège de l'Arcom
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Lire une présentation détaillée de la manifestation ci-dessous⤵️
Feb. 2, 2023
Publications

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Conforter le rôle du Juge et de l'Avocat pour imposer la Compliance comme caractéristique de l'État de Droit" ("Reinforce the Judge and the Attorney to impose Compliance Law as a characteristic of the Rule of Law"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, p. 29-55.
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► This article is the introduction of the book.
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📝read the article (in French)
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🚧read the bilingual Working Paper which is the basis of this article, with additional developments, technical references and hyperlinks
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📕read a general presentation of the book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in which this article is published
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► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance): One can understand that the compliance mechanisms are presented with hostility because they seem designed to keep the judge away, whereas there is no Rule of Law without a judge. Solid arguments present compliance techniques as converging towards the uselessness of the judge (I). Certainly, we come across magistrates, and of all kinds, and powerful ones, but that would be a sign of imperfection: its ex-ante logic has been deployed in all its effectiveness, the judge would no longer be required... And the lawyer would disappear so with him...
This perspective of a world without a judge, without a lawyer and ultimately without Law, where algorithms could organize through multiple processes in Ex Ante the obedience of everyone, the "conformity" of all our behaviors with all the regulatory mass that is applicable to us, supposes that this new branch of Law would be defined as the concentration of processes which gives full effectiveness to all the rules, regardless of their content. But supposing that this engineer's dream is even achievable, it is not possible in a democratic and free world to do without judges and lawyers.
Therefore, it is imperative to recognize their contributions to Compliance Law, related and invaluable contributions (II).
First of all, because a pure Ex Ante never existed and even in the time of the Chinese legists, people were still needed to interpret the regulations because a legal order must always be interpreted Ex Post by who must in any case answer the questions posed by the subjects of law, as soon as the political system admits to attributing to them the right to make claims before the Judge. Secondly the Attorney, whose office, although articulated with the Judge's office, is distinct from the latter, both more restricted and broader since he must appear in all cases where the judicial figure puts himself in square, outside the courts. However, Compliance Law has multiplied this since not only, extending Regulatory Law, it entrusts numerous powers to the administrative authorities, but it also transforms companies into judges, in respect of which the attorneys must deal with.
Even more so, Compliance Law only takes its sense from its Monumental Goals. It is in this that this branch of the Law preserves the freedom of human beings, in the digital space where the techniques of compliance protect them from the power of companies by the way that the Compliance Law forces these companies to use their power to protect people. However, firstly, it is the Judges who, in their diversity, impose as a reference the protection of human beings, either as a limit to the power of compliance tools or as their very purpose. Secondly, the Attorney, again distinguishing himself from the Judge, if necessary, reminds us that all the parties whose interests are involved must be taken into consideration. In an ever more flexible, soft, and dialogical Law, everyone presenting himself as the "advocate" of such and such a monumental goal: the Attorney is legitimate to be the first to occupy this place.
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Updated: Feb. 2, 2023 (Initial publication: June 23, 2021)
Thesaurus : Doctrine

► Full Reference: Ch. Lapp, "La compliance dans l'entreprise : les statuts du process" ("Compliance in the company: the statues of processes"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, p.141-150.
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📕read a general presentation of the book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, in which this article is published
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► The summary below describes an article following the colloquium L'entreprise instituée Juge et Procureur d'elle-même par le Droit de la Compliance (The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law) , co-organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Faculté de Droit Lyon 3. This manifestation was designed under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Jean-Christophe Roda and took place in Lyon on June 23, 2021. During this colloquium, the intervention was shared with Jan-Marc Coulon, who is also a contributor in the book (see the summary of the Jean-Marc Coulon's Article).
In the book, the article will be published in Title I, devoted to: L'entreprise instituée Juge et Procureur d'elle-même par le Droit de la Compliance (The Entreprise instituted Judge and Prosecutor of itself by Compliance Law ).
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► Summary of the article (done by the author): The Company is caught in the grip of Compliance Law, the jaws of which are those of Incitement (1) and Sanction that the Company must apply to ensure the effectiveness of its processes to which it is itself subject (2 ).
First, the Company has been delegated to fabricate reprehensible rules that it must apply to itself and to third parties with whom it has dealings. To this end, the Company sets up "processes", that is to say verification and prevention procedures, in order to show that the offenses that it is likely to commit will not happened.
These processes constitute standards of behavior to prevent and avoid that the facts constituting the infringements are not themselves carried out. They are thus one of the elements of Civil Liability Law in its preventive or restorative purposes.
Second, the sanction of non obedience of Compliance processes puts the Company in front of two pitfalls. The first dimension place the company, with regard to its employees and its partners, in the obligation to define processes which also constitute the quasi-jurisdictional resolution of their non-compliance, the company having to reconcile the sanction it pronounces with the fundamental principles of classical Criminal Law, constitutional principles and all fundamental rights. The processes then become the procedural rule.
The second dimension is that the Company is accountable for the effectiveness of the avoidance by its processes of facts constituting infringements. By a reversal of the burden of proof, the Company is then required to prove that its processes are efficient. at least equivalent to the measures defined by laws and regulations, the French Anti-Corruption Agency (Agence Française Anticorruption - AFA), European directives and various communications on legal tools to fight breaches of probity, environmental attacks and current societal concerns. The processes then become the constitutive element, per se, of the infringement.
Thus, in its search for a balance between Prevention and Sanction to which it is itself subject, the Company will not then be tempted to favor the orthodoxy of its processes over the expectations of the Agence Française Anticorruption - AFA , regulators and judges, to the detriment of their efficiency?
In doing so, are we not moving towards an instrumental and conformist Compliance, paradoxically disempowering with regard to the Compliance Monumental Goals of Compliance?
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Feb. 2, 2023
Publications

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, série "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, 2023, 490 p.
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► Presentation of this book: Sanctions, controls, appeals, deals: judges and lawyers are everywhere in the Compliance mechanisms, creating unprecedented situations, sometimes without a solution yet available. Even though Compliance was designed to avoid the judge and produce security by avoiding conflict. This jurisdictionalisation is therefore new. Forcing companies to prosecute and judge, a constrained role, perhaps against their nature. Leading to the adaptation of major procedural principles, with difficulty. Confronting arbitration with new perspectives. Putting the judge at heart, in mechanisms designed so that he is not there. How in practice to organize these opposites and anticipate the solutions? This is the challenge taken up by this book.
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📘 In parallel, the English version of this book, Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, is published in the series co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant.
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🧮 This book comes after a cycle of colloquia organised in 2021 by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and its Academic Partners.
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This volume is the continuation of the books dedicated to Compliance in the collection "Régulations & Compliance", founded and managed by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, copublished by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz.
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🏗️ General construction of this book:
The book begins by a double Introduction, the first (in free access) summarizing the book, the second, substantial, relating to the need to reinforce the Judge and the Lawyer to impose the Compliance Law as a characteristic of the Rule of Law.
The first Part is devoted to what is specific to Compliance Law. of Compliance: the transformation of companies into Prosecutors and Judges of themselves, even of others.
The second Part relates to Compliance general procedural Law, the procedure being the way between the dispute and the judgement.
The third Part continues this journey to the judge and aims to measure the influence of the reasoning and requirements of Compliance Law in dispute resolution methods where it was not, with some exceptions, present, but where it has a great future: Arbitration.
Because trial and judicial decision are inseparable, because legal techniques and the Rule of Law should not be divided but compliance techniques could paradoxically be the weapon of their dissociation, because the power to judge and the procedures surrounding the latter must not be dissociated, because therefore Compliance mechanisms and the Rule of Law must be thought out and practiced then, the rise in power of one must be the sign of the rise in power of the other, and not the price of the 'weakening of the Rule of Law, the fourth Part relates to the Judges in the Compliance mechanisms and culture.
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► Read in free access the article: M.A. Frison-Roche, "Lignes de force de l'ouvrage La Juridictionnalisation de la Compliance" (Lines of Forces of the book La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance).
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►Read below the summaries of each contribution of the book⤵️