Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Queinnec, Y et Constantin, A., Devoir de vigilance. Les organes de gouvernance des entreprises en première ligne, in Le Big Bang des devoirs de vigilance ESG : les nouveaux enjeux de RSE et de droit de l'homme, doss., Revue Lamy Droit des Affaires, n°104, mai 2015, p.68-74.
____
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: V. Magnier, "The transformation of governance and due diligence", in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Compliance Obligation, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant, "Compliance & Regulation" Serie, to be published
____
📘read a general presentation of the book, Compliance Obligation, in which this article is published
____
► Summary of the article (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance - JoRC): The author develops the tensions caused by Compliance Law and the Duty of Vigilance on corporate governance.
The French "Sapin 2" law targets corruption, while the French "Vigilance" law has a broader scope in terms of risks and the entire value chain. It is logical that this should create tensions in terms of governance, given the monumental goals involved. Companies need to take ownership of the powers delegated to them, which means rethinking their governance and the way in which they exercise their corporate mandates, with the corporate interest, the judge's compass, having to be combined with the adoption of new standards of behaviour formalised voluntarily by ethical charters in line with international standards. On this voluntary and supervised basis, the company must adapt its structure and then contractualise these norms.
This ethical approach has an impact on the role of corporate organs, not only in terms of transparency and risk prioritisation, but also proactively in terms of the adoption of commitments whose sincerity will be verified, as reflected, for example, in corporate governance codes (cf.in France the AFEP-MEDEF Code), the setting up of ad hoc committees and the presence of stakeholders, who will be consulted when the vigilance plan is drawn up.
She stresses that this creates tensions, that dialogue is difficult, that business secrecy must be preserved, but that stakeholders must become Vigilance watchdogs, a role that should not be left to the public authorities alone.
____
🦉This article is available in full text to those registered for Professor Marie-Anne Frison-Roche's courses
________
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: V. Magnier, "Transformation de la gouvernance et obligation de vigilance" (The transformation of governance and due diligence), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), L'Obligation de Compliance, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", 2024, forthcoming
____
📕read the general presentation of the book, L'Obligation de Compliance, in which this contribution is published
____
► English summary of this contribution (done by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance - JoRC) : The author develops the tensions caused by Compliance Law and the Duty of Vigilance on corporate governance.
The French "Sapin 2" law targets corruption, while the French "Vigilance" law has a broader scope in terms of risks and the entire value chain. It is logical that this should create tensions in terms of governance, given the monumental goals involved. Companies need to take ownership of the powers delegated to them, which means rethinking their governance and the way in which they exercise their corporate mandates, with the corporate interest, the judge's compass, having to be combined with the adoption of new standards of behaviour formalised voluntarily by ethical charters in line with international standards. On this voluntary and supervised basis, the company must adapt its structure and then contractualise these norms.
This ethical approach has an impact on the role of corporate organs, not only in terms of transparency and risk prioritisation, but also proactively in terms of the adoption of commitments whose sincerity will be verified, as reflected, for example, in corporate governance codes (cf.in France the AFEP-MEDEF Code), the setting up of ad hoc committees and the presence of stakeholders, who will be consulted when the vigilance plan is drawn up.
She stresses that this creates tensions, that dialogue is difficult, that business secrecy must be preserved, but that stakeholders must become Vigilance watchdogs, a role that should not be left to the public authorities alone.
____
🦉this article is available in full text pour the persons following the Professor Marie-Anne Frison-Roche teaching
________
June 12, 2024
Conferences
🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law
____
► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Participation in the panel "Une Gouvernance responsable : vers un mieux vivre ensemble ?" ("Responsible governance: towards a better way of living together"), in Grenelle du Droit 5. L'avenir de la filière juridique, Association française des juristes d'entreprise ("The future of the legal profession"), AFJE), Cercle Montesquieu and Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Campus Port-Royal Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1 rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, June 12, 2024
____
🧮See the full programme of this event (in French)
____
🎥watch the interview made just after this round-table discussion (in French)
____
🪑🪑🪑🪑🪑 will also be taking part in this round-table discussion:
🕴️Yves Garagnon, Chairman of Dilitrust,
🕴️Pierrick Le Goff, lawyer, partner at De Gaulle Fleurance,
🕴️Sabine Lochmann, Chairman of Ascend,
🕴️Vincent Vigneau, President of the Commercial, Economic and Financial Chamber of the Cour de cassation (French Judicial Supreme Court)
____
► English presentation of my intervention in this event's opening plenary round-table: In this plenary round table which opens the event, devoted to the theme of 'responsible corporate governance', for my interventions based on my work I will have the opportunity to address more particularly these different perspectives:
________
read the article about this round table written by Delphine Bauer in Actu-Juridique (in French)
May 29, 2024
Editorial responsibilities : Direction of the collection Compliance & Regulation, JoRC and Bruylant
🌐follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law
____
► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Compliance Obligation, Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant, "Compliance & Regulation" Serie, to be published
____
📕In parallel, a book in French L'Obligation de compliance, is published in the collection "Régulations & Compliance" co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz.
____
📚This book is inserted in this series created by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche for developing Compliance Law.
read the presentations of the other books of this Compliance Series:
🕴️M.A. Frison-Roche (dir.), 📘Le système probatoire de la compliance, 2025
🕴️M.A. Frison-Roche (ed), 📘Compliance Juridictionnalisation, 2023
🕴️M.A. Frison-Roche (ed), 📘Compliance Monumental Goals, 2022
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📘Compliance Tools, 2021
____
► go to the general presentation of this 📚Series Compliance & Regulation, conceived, founded et managed by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, co-published par the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant.
____
🧮the book follows the cycle of colloquia 2023 organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and its Universities partners.
____
► general presentation of the book: Compliance is sometimes presented as something that cannot be avoided, which is tantamount to seeing it as the legal obligation par excellence, Criminal Law being its most appropriate mode of expression. However, this is not so evident. Moreover, it is becoming difficult to find a unity to the set of compliance tools, encompassing what refers to a moral representation of the world, or even to the cultures specific to each company, Compliance Law only having to produce incentives or translate this ethical movement. The obligation of compliance is therefore difficult to define.
This difficulty to define affecting the obligation of compliance reflects the uncertainty that still affects Compliance Law in which this obligation develops. Indeed, if we were to limit this branch of law to the obligation to "be conform" with the applicable regulations, the obligation would then be located more in these "regulations", the classical branches of Law which are Contract Law and Tort Law organising "Obligations" paradoxically remaining distant from it. In practice, however, it is on the one hand Liability actions that give life to legal requirements, while companies make themselves responsible through commitments, often unilateral, while contracts multiply, the articulation between legal requirements and corporate and contractual organisations ultimately creating a new way of "governing" not only companies but also what is external to them, so that the Monumental Goals, that Compliance Law substantially aims at, are achieved.
The various Compliance Tools illustrate this spectrum of the Compliance Obligation which varies in its intensity and takes many forms, either as an extension of the classic legal instruments, as in the field of information, or in a more novel way through specific instruments, such as whistleblowing or vigilance. The contract, in that it is by nature an Ex-Ante instrument and not very constrained by borders, can then appear as a natural instrument in the compliance system, as is the Judge who is the guarantor of the proper execution of Contract and Tort laws. The relationship between companies, stakeholders and political authorities is thus renewed.
____
🏗️general construction of the book
The book opens with a double Introduction. The first, which is freely accessible, is a summary of the book, while the second, which is substantial, deals with the future development of the compliance obligation in a borderless economic system.
The first part is devoted to the definition of the Compliance Obligation.
The second part presents commitments and contracts, in certain new or classic categories, in particular public contracts, and compliance stipulations, analysed and qualified regarding Compliance Law and the various relevant branches of Law.
The third part develops the responsibilities attached to the compliance obligation.
The fourth part refers to the institutions that are responsible for the effectiveness, efficiency, and efficacy of the compliance obligation, including the judge and the international arbitrator.
The fifth part takes the Obligation or Duty of Vigilance as an illustration of all these considerations.
____
COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION : OVERVIEW
Section 1 ♦️ Main Aspects of the Book L'Obligation de Compliance, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 2 ♦️ Conceiving the unicity of the Compliance Obligation without diluting it, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
TITLE I.
IDENTIFYING THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
CHAPTER I: NATURE OF THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
Section 1 ♦️ Will, Heart and Calculation, the three marks surrounding the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 2 ♦️ Debt, as the basis of the compliance obligation, by 🕴️Bruno Deffains
Section 3 ♦️ Compliance Obligation and Human Rights, by 🕴️Jean-Baptiste Racine
Section 4 ♦️ Compliance Obligation and changes in Sovereignty and Citizenship, by 🕴️René Sève
CHAPTER II: SPACES OF THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
Section 1 ♦️ Industrial Entities and Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Etienne Maclouf
Section 2 ♦️ Compliance, Value Chains and Service Economy, by 🕴️Lucien Rapp
Section 3 ♦️ Compliance and conflict of laws. International Law of Vigilance-Conformity, based on recent applications in Europe, by 🕴️Louis d'Avout
TITLE II.
ARTICULATING THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION WITH BRANCHES OF LAW
Section 1 ♦️ Constitutional dimensions of the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Stéphane Mouton
Section 2 ♦️ Tax Law and Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Daniel Gutmann
Section 3 ♦️ General Procedural Law, prototype of the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 4 ♦️ Corporate and Financial Markets Law facing the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Anne-Valérie Le Fur
Section 5 ♦️ The Relation between Tort Law and Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Jean-Sébastien Borghetti
Section 6 ♦️ Environmental and Climate Compliance, by 🕴️Marta Torre-Schaub
Section 7 ♦️ Competition Law and Compliance Law, by 🕴️Jean-Christophe Roda
Section 8 ♦️ The Compliance Obligation in Global Law, by 🕴️Benoît Frydman
Section 9 ♦️ Transformation of Labour Relations and Vigilance Obligation, by 🕴️Stéphane Vernac
Section 11 ♦️ Judge of Insolvency Law and Compliance Obligations, by 🕴️Jean-Baptiste Barbièri
TITLE III.
COMPLIANCE : GIVE AND TAKE THE MEANS TO OBLIGE
CHAPTER I: CONVERGENCE OF SOURCES
Section 1 ♦️ Compliance Obligation, between Will and Consent: obligation upon obligation works, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 2 ♦️ What a Commitment is, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 3 ♦️ Cybersecurity and Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Michel Séjean
Section 4 ♦️ Place of Hope in the Ability to Apprehend the Future, by 🕴️
Section 5 ♦️ Legal Constraint and Company Strategies in Compliance matters, by 🕴️Jean-Philippe Denis & Nathalie Fabbe-Costes
CHAPTER II: INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION IN SUPPORT OF THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
Section 1 ♦️ Reinforcing Compliance Commitments by referring Ex Ante to International Arbitration, by
Section 2 ♦️ The Arbitral Tribunal's Award in Kind, in support of the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Eduardo Silva Romero
Section 3 ♦️ The use of International Arbitration to reinforce the Compliance Obligation: the example of the construction sector, by 🕴️Christophe Lapp & 🕴️Jean-François Guillemin
Section 4 ♦️ The Arbitrator, Judge, Supervisor, Support, by 🕴️Jean-Baptiste Racine
Section 5 ♦️ How International Arbitration can reinforce the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Laurent Aynès
TITLE IV.
VIGILANCE, SPEARHEAD OF THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
CHAPTER I: INTENSITIES OF THE VIGILANCE OBLIGATION, SPEARHEAD OF THE COMPLIANCE SYSTEM
Section 1 ♦️ Systemic Articulation between Vigilance, Due Diligence, Conformity and Compliance: Vigilance, Total Share of the Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
Section 2 ♦️ Intensity of the Vigilance Obligation by Sectors: the case of Financial Operators, by 🕴️Anne-Claire Rouaud
Section 3 ♦️ Intensity of the Vigilance Obligation by Sectors: the case of Banking and Insurance Operators, by 🕴️Mathieu Françon
Section 4 ♦️ Intensity of the Vigilance Obligation by Sectors: the case of Digital Operators, by 🕴️Grégoire Loiseau
Section 5 ♦️ Intensity of the Vigilance Obligation by Sectors: the case of Energy Operators, by 🕴️Marie Lamoureux
CHAPTER II: VARIATIONS OF TENSIONS GENERATED BY THE VIGILANCE OBLIGATION, SPEARHEAD OF THE COMPLIANCE SYSTEM
Section 1 ♦️ Rethinking the Concept of Civil Liability in the light of the Duty of Vigilance, Spearhead of Compliance, by 🕴️Mustapha Mekki
Section 2 ♦️ The transformation of governance and due diligence, by 🕴️Véronique Magnier
Section 3 ♦️ Technologies available, prescribed or prohibited to meet Compliance and Vigilance requirements, by 🕴️Emmanuel Netter
CHAPTER III: NEW MODALITIES OF THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION, HIGHLIGHTED BY THE VIGILANCE IMPERATIVE
Section 1 ♦️ How the Vigilance Imperative fits in with International Legal Rules, by 🕴️Bernard Haftel
Section 2 ♦️ Contracts and clauses, implementation and modalities of the Vigilance Obligation, by 🕴️Gilles J. Martin
Section 3 ♦️ Proof that Vigilance has been properly carried out with regard to the Compliance Evidence System, by 🕴️Jean-Christophe Roda
TITLE V.
THE JUDGE AND THE COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION
Section 1 ♦️ Present and Future Challenges of Articulating Principles of Civil and Commercial Procedure with the Logic of Compliance, by 🕴️Thibault Goujon-Bethan
Section 2 ♦️ Mediation, the way forward for an Effective Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Malik Chapuis
Section 3 ♦️ The Judge required for an Effective Compliance Obligation, by 🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
________
Feb. 24, 2024
Interviews
► Full reference: J. Beyssade, "Compliance et gouvernance (exemple d'un groupe bancaire)" (Compliance and governance (example of a banking group)), interview conducted by M.-A. Frison-Roche on the occasion of a series of interviews on Compliance Law, in Fenêtres ouvertes sur la gestion (Open windows on management), broadcast by J.-Ph. Denis, Xerfi Canal, recorded December 12, 2023, recorded February 24, 2024
____
🌐consult the presentation of Jacques Beyssade's interview on LinkedIn
____
🎥view the full interview on Xerfi Canal
____
► Starting point: In 2022, Jacques Beyssade wrote a contribution on 📝Feminisation of positions of responsibility in the workplace as a goal of Compliance, in 📘Compliance Monumental Goals
🧱read the presentation of this contribution ➡️click HERE
____
► Summary of interview:
Marie-Anne Frison-Roche. Question: Compliance and governance are often linked. Can you explain how, in the strategy of a banking group like BPCE, this link between compliance and governance is articulated?
Jacques Beyssade. Answer. Compliance is not just a matter of obeying the rules, but also, and perhaps even more so, of respecting customers, suppliers, stakeholders and members. For a mutualist structure, customers and member-policyholders are closer, they are the same social body, and so it's a matter of governance.
____
MaFR. Q.: Let's take a concrete example, where Compliance and governance serve a specific purpose: effective equality between men and women, for example. How does this work in your Group?
J.B. R.: This objective is in the genes of BPCE, and in particular of the savings banks. The Copé-Zimmermann law requires it. We go beyond this constraint, at the level of governance. The management board, or executive committee, is egalitarian, and this also works as an example. Compliance takes up the baton, for example, by identifying talent, particularly female talent, and correcting any anomalies.
____
MaFR. Q.: In the future, can we hope that this alliance between new governance and the power of Compliance, with the same Monumental Goals, will transform our societies?
J.B. R.: Changes in society come from the behavior of individuals and companies, as demonstrated by the opening of savings accounts to women in the 19th century. Both can do a great deal, within the framework of regulations, by going beyond them. Through governance, for example in a mutual bank like BPCE, it's the members who set the rules, reflecting social movements because they themselves are representative of society as a whole. In this way, through the alliance of governance and compliance, they can act to give concrete expression to the fundamental social movements they themselves represent, through the broad representation of the social body that the member-policyholders constitute.
________
Jan. 24, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : M. Caffin-Moi, "Les femmes dans les instances de direction des sociétés", in J. Houssier & M. Saulier (dir.), Les femmes et le droit. Les discriminations invisibles, Dalloz, coll. "Thèmes & Commentaires", 2024, pp. 111-122
____
► Résumé de l'article :
____
🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
________
Jan. 4, 2024
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : V. Lasserre, "Les sources textuelles internes et européennes du droit des affaires. L'exemple du devoir de vigilance", JCP E, n° 1, 4 janvier 2024, étude n° 1002, pp. 23-27
____
► Résumé de l'article (fait par l'auteure) : "Comprendre la loi sur le devoir de vigilance est utile. Premièrement, parce que ce devoir est un modèle qui tend à être diffusé. Poursuivant dans le sillon du législateur français, le législateur européen est également en train de construire un cadre européen pour le devoir de vigilance des entreprises. Deuxièmement, parce que de nombreuses actions en justice ont été intentées, montrant la vita- lité de ce devoir. Troisièmement, parce que ce devoir est un moment clé dans le développement de la responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises. On démontrera que des sources hétéroclites ont concouru à forger le devoir de vigilance et que les mots de la loi oscillent entre rupture et continuité.".
____
🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche
________
Dec. 12, 2023
Conferences
► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, enregistrement et animation d'une série d'entretiens sur le Droit de la Compliance, in J.-Ph. Denis, Fenêtres ouvertes sur la gestion, Xerfi Canal, tenus le 12 décembre 2023, diffusés en 2024.
____
► Présentation générale de la série, comprenant les entretiens successifs : 🧱Compliance - un sujet de choix pour nouer Droit et Gestion : La distinction des disciplines est justifiée, le droit d'une part, la gestion d'autre part : c'est maltraiter la réalité que, notamment, de dissoudre l'une dans l'autre (ce que Jankélévitch appelait "la réduction par déplacement d'une discipline") car chacune doit conserver son ancrage.
Ceci posé, parce que la réalité ne se construit suivant les disciplines, si l'on veut rendre compte de celle-ci, ou au moins en tenir compte, par exemple de la réalité des entreprises, il faut que les disciplines se croisent.
La compliance est un parfait terrain pour cela.
Merci à Jean-Philippe Denis, professeur de gestion, qui est depuis toujours ouvert à ce dialogue, de l'avoir concrétisé plus encore, en permettant une série d'interviews à la croisée du Droit et de la Gestion sur le média Xerfi Canal.
____
Dans un premier temps, 4 discussions ont été tenues entre Jean-Philippe Denis et moi-même sur les thèmes suivants :
Puis, dans un second temps
____
____
🔓consulter ci-dessous une présentation de chaque interview mené avec un expert en Droit sur un sujet particulier de Droit de la Compliance⤵️
March 23, 2023
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : V. Magnier, Déontologie et éthique de l'entreprise, PUF, coll. "Droit & Déontologie", 2023, 260 p.
____
📗lire la 4ième de couverture de l'ouvrage
____
📗lire la table des matières de l'ouvrage
____
► Résumé de l'ouvrage (fait par l'éditeur) : "La déontologie et l'éthique d'entreprise naissent de sources éparses, embrassent un large champ thématique et s'étendent à de nombreux acteurs.
Le conflit d'intérêts est au coeur des préoccupations déontologiques de l'entreprise, comme en témoignent les procédures pesant sur ses acteurs-clés, dirigeants et actionnaires de référence. Les bonnes pratiques de gouvernance, inspirées des théories sur la gouvernance d'entreprise, se muent aussi en règles déontologiques consignées dans les codes de gouvernance. L'entourage des actionnaires n'est pas épargné, notamment les agences de conseil en vote sur qui pèsent des règles déontologiques.
L'éthique d'entreprise est aussi en plein essor. On distingue l'éthique de la transparence, celle des compliances et celle de la vigilance. Ces nouvelles normes éthiques suscitent de fortes attentes, notamment au regard des préoccupations sociétales, environnementales, de la défense des droits de l'homme ou de la lutte contre la corruption.".
Oct. 12, 2022
Conferences
♾️ follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
♾️subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law
____
► Full Reference: Frison-Roche, M.A., La compliance en entreprise : aspects théoriques et pratiques, in 118ième Congrès des Notaires, L'ingénierie notariale, Marseilles, October 12, 2022.
This Masterclass is given in French.
____
► English Presentation of this Masterclass: This two-hour Masterclass aims to introduce, regarding the role of the Notary in companies and vis-à-vis them, Compliance Law.
This discover of Compliance Law is built on a description of the new Compliance techniques of which companies are the object or the source (I) then, faced with such a mass of new standards, because this is incomprehensible and uncontrollable if these so many regulations are not "conceived", explain what can give meaning to this Compliance Law, namely the "Monumental Goals" which animate it and give it meaning (II). Like the Regulation Law that Compliance prolongs, Compliance Law is a teleological branch of law that requires that the application and interpretation of norms be done by these Monumental Goals.
____
This Masterclass is given in French: see some technical references in English ⤵️
Sept. 1, 2022
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Full Reference: A.-V. Le Fur, "Intérêt et raison d’être de l’entreprise : quelle articulation avec les buts monumentaux de la compliance ?" ("Interest and “raison d’être” of the company: how do they fit with the Compliance Monumental Goals?"), in M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, coll. "Régulations & Compliance", Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Dalloz, p. 55-67.
____
📕read a general presentation of the book, Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, in which this article is published
____
► Summary of the article (done by the Author): Companies would have a soul. The legislator thinks so, since the French law called "loi Pacte" of 22 May 2019 obliges managers to act in the Corporate Interest and allows companies to formulate themselves a « raison d'être ». Compliance Law does the same, relying on companies to save the world from corruption, slavery, terrorism and global warming, thus achieving Monumental goals.
At first glance, the contours of Corporate Interest and « raison d’être » of the company are not far removed from the notion of Compliance Monumental Goals. This is not surprising, since the objective that presided over their introduction into the French Civil Code is the same as that underlying Compliance Law : to rethink the place of the company in the global Society, by affirming long-term values or concerns. This is a reason to use these corporate law concepts in the context of an X-ray of the concept of Monumental Goals.
However, a comparative approach is disappointing. The divergences between corporate notions and compliance lead to the conclusion that company law is not intended to impose anything other than a corporate public order. Notions that are more philosophical than legal, Corporate Interest and « raison d'être » are assigned functions that limit their scope. The imperative nature of corporate rules, and this is a consequence of the above, cannot be compared with that of compliance: uncertain, it is also relative when compared with the "violence" of compliance rules. The impact of the notions of Interest and « raison d'être » remains thus mainly internal to the company.
According to a second approach, it cannot be ruled out that Corporate Interest and « raison d'être » allow for a better understanding of higher and universal values by Company Law. Corporate Interest may incorporate Compliance Monumental Goals while the « raison d'être » may constitute a perspective for the realization of these goals.
The stakes are high : when the interest of the company, as a legal person and autonomous economic agent, joins the Monumental Goals, the means of achieving the latter are multiplied by internalizing them in all companies, not just the largest ones. However, despite all good intentions, a company is only governable if the compass does not become an elusive and indecisive vane; in other words, if legal certainty is respected. This is why a legal ordering of the concepts is necessary, which ultimately leads to a suggestion of their domain, content and scope.
________
Aug. 12, 2022
Compliance: at the moment
|
March 24, 2022
Interviews
► Full Reference: Frison-Roche, M.A.,, "Faire du Droit pour qu'à l'avenir le monde soit moins injuste" - à propos du projet de directive européenne sur le devoir de vigilance ("Making Compliance Law for a world less unfair in the future" - about the draft European directive on the corporate sustainability due diligence), interview with Olivia Dufour, Actu-Juridique, March 24, 2022.
____
💬 read the interview (in French)
___
► Interview English Summary: This interview comments on the draft directive presented by the European Commission aimed at unifying European Union Law about Corporate Sustainability Due diligence in global supply chains to protect environnement and human rights effectively, putting companies under same legal rules. including non-European companies.
The interview emphasizes that this text and reinforces Compliance Law perspective in that the legal instruments are Ex Ante, aim at the functioning of groups, constitute incentives, and seek effectiveness to prevent violations of human rights and the environment, 80% of which taking place outside the European Union.
The goal is both ethical, for example to fight against child labor and the endangerment of people, and systemic: the promoting of a sustainable economy, through the help of companies which have some power in value chains which are global.
This future directive clearly shows the difference between simple "conformity" (just obeying all applicable regulations...) and "compliance", illustrated here: aiming to achieve "monumental goals", here fighting against attacks on the climate balance and protect people, to obtain in the future these damages do not occur or are reduced.
________
March 16, 2021
Compliance: at the moment
Feb. 2, 2021
Thesaurus : Doctrine
► Référence complète : T. Sachs, J. Tricot, "La loi sur le devoir de vigilance : un modèle pour (re)penser la responsabilité des entreprises", Droit & Société, n° 106, 2020, p. 683-698.
____
► Résumé de l'article (fait par les auteurs) : Grâce à une ingénierie juridique très sophistiquée, les entreprises multinationales se jouent des frontières entre sociétés commerciales et entre États, parvenant ainsi à échapper à toute responsabilité. L’impuissance des États, qui devraient alors déléguer aux acteurs eux-mêmes le soin de développer des instruments de responsabilité sociale des entreprises, est-elle une fatalité ? Alors que certains voudraient confier la fabrication des normes de gouvernance aux acteurs, la loi sur le devoir de vigilance pourrait constituer un modèle d’une articulation originale et équilibrée entre hétéronomie et autonomie normative. Cet article entend mettre en lumière les caractéristiques de ce modèle, au moyen d’une confrontation de la loi sur le devoir de vigilance avec la loi Sapin 2 qui se présente comme son pendant tout en mobilisant d’autres leviers, ceux de la compliance.
____
🗒️Les étudiants inscrits au cours de Marie-Anne Frison-Roche peuvent accéder au texte de ces articles.
________
Updated: Sept. 5, 2019 (Initial publication: April 30, 2019)
Publications
🌐 follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
🌐subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law
____
► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, L'apport du Droit de la Compliance dans la Gouvernance d'Internet (The contribution of Compliance Law to the Internet Governance), Report asked by the French Government, published the 15th of July 2019, 139 p.
___
► Report Summary. Governing the Internet? Compliance Law can help.
Compliance Law is for the Policy Maker to aim for global goals that they require to be achieved by companies in a position to do so. In the digital space built on the sole principle of Liberty, the Politics must insert a second principle: the Person. The respect of this One, in balance with the Freedom, can be required by the Policy Maker via Compliance Law, which internalises this specific pretention in the digital companies. Liberalism and Humanism become the two pillars of Internet Governance.
The humanism of European Compliance Law then enriches US Compliance law. The crucial digital operators thus forced, like Facebook, YouTube, Google, etc., must then exercise powers only to better achieve these goals to protect persons (against hatred, inadequate exploitation of data, terrorism, violation of intellectual property, etc.). They must guarantee the rights of individuals, including intellectual property rights. To do this, they must be recognized as "second level regulators", supervised by Public Authorities.
This governance of the Internet by Compliance Law is ongoing. By the European Banking Union. By green finance. By the GDPR. We must force the line and give unity and simplicity that are still lacking, by infusing a political dimension to Compliance: the Person. The European Court of Justice has always done it. The European Commission through its DG Connect is ready.
► 📓 Read the reporte (in French)
📝 Read the Report Summary in 3 pages (in English)
📝 Read the Report Summary in 6 pages (in English)
____
► Plan of the Report (4 chapters): an ascertainment of the digitization of the world (1), the challenge of civilization that this constitutes (2), the relations of Compliance mechanisms as it should be conceived between Europe and the United States, not to mention that the world is not limited to them, with the concrete solutions that result from this (3) and concrete practical solutions to better organize an effective digital governance, inspired by what is particularly in the banking sector, and continuing what has already been done in Europe in the digital field, which has already made it exemplary and what it must continue, France can be force of proposal by the example (4).
____
📝 Read the written presentation of the Report done by Minister Cédric O (in French).
____
💬 Read the interview published the 18 July 2019 : "Gouvernance d'Internet : un enjeu de civilisation" ( "Governing Internet: an Issue of Civilization"), given in French,
📻 Listen the Radio broadcast of July 21, 2019 during which its consequences are applied to the cryptocurrency "Libra" (given in French)
🏛 Presentation of the Report to the Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel- CSA (French Council of Audiovisual) on Septembre 5, by a discussion with its members presentation (in French)
💬 Read the Interview published the 20 December 2019 : "Le droit de la compliance pour réguler l'Internet" ("Compliance Law for regulate Internet"), given in French
____
read below the 54 propositions of the Report ⤵️
May 29, 2019
Publications
♾️ follow Marie-Anne Frison-Roche on LinkedIn
♾️ subscribe to the Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law
____
► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), Pour une Europe de la Compliance (For the Europe of the Compliance), series "Régulations & Compliance", Dalloz, 2019, 124 p.
____
This volume is the continuation of the books dedicated to Compliance in this collection.
📚Read the other books' presentations of the collection about Compliance:
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance, 2023
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance, 2022
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Les outils de la Compliance, 2021
🕴️N. Borga, 🕴️J.-Cl. Marin &🕴️J.-Ch. Roda (ed.), 📕Compliance : l'Entreprise, le Régulateur et le Juge, 2018
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.), 📕Régulation, Supervision, Compliance, 2017
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche (ed.),📕 Internet, espace d'interrégulation, 2016
📚Read the presentations of the other titles of the collection.
____
► General presentation of the book: This book is written in French. The topic is : "For the Europe of the Compliance".
See below its general presentation in English.
The political dimension is intrinsic to the Compliance Law. Indeed, compliance mechanisms consist of internalizing in certains companies the obligation to implement goals of general interest set by Public Authorities. These public bodies control the Ex Ante reorganization that implies for these companies and punish Ex Post the possible structural inadequacy of these compagnies, becoming transparent for this purpose.
This new mode of governance establishes a continuum between Regulation, Supervision, Compliance (book published in 2017) and renew the links between Companies, Regulators and Judges
This political dimension must be increased: the Compliance Law of Compliance must today be used to build Europe.
One can observe not only the construction of the European Compliance Law, object-by-object, sector-by-sector, purpose-by-purpose, but also the construction of the European Compliance Law that transcends and unifies them. Becoming independent of American Law and ceasing to be in reaction, even on the defensive, the Compliance Law contributes to the European project, offering it a higher ambition, that Europe can carry and, by this way, can carry the Europe itself, not only to preserve the European economy from corruption or money laundering, but by claiming the protection of nature and human beings.
This is why the book describes the "reasons and objectives" of the Europe of the Compliance, which makes it possible to describe, detect and even predict the ways and means.
____
► Understand the book through the Table of Contents and the summaries of each article:
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Avant propos
🕴️K. Lenaerts, 📝Le juge de l'Union européenne dans une Europe de la compliance
🕴️M.-A. Frison-Roche, 📝Un droit substantiel de la compliance, appuyé sur la tradition européenne humaniste
I. LES RAISONS ET LES OBJECTIFS D'UNE EUROPE DE LA COMPLIANCE (THE REASONS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EUROPE OF THE COMPLIANCE)
🕴️X. Musca, 📝Construire une Europe de la compliance en donnant une meilleure place aux entreprises
🕴️P. Vimont, 📝La place de la diplomatie dans l'avancée d'une Europe de la compliance
🕴️P. Sellal, 📝Les vertus de la compliance : une réponse possible aux faiblesses de l'Union européenne ?
🕴️J.-J. Daigre, 📝Compliance, entreprise et Europe
II. LES VOIES ET MOYENS D'UNE EUROPE DE LA COMPLIANCE (THE WAYS AND MEANS OF THE EUROPE OF THE COMPLIANCE)
🕴️J.-Cl. Marin, 📝Quels outils pour la construction du droit de la compliance en Europe ?
🕴️M. Canto-Sperber, 📝La compliance et les définitions traditionnelles de la vertu
🕴️T. Bonneau, 📝Compliance et secteur bancaire et financier en Europe
🕴️C. Duchaine, 📝L'Agence française anticorruption, à l'appui de l'Europe de la compliance
🕴️D. Martin, 📝Les contraintes et les vertus de la compliance
🕴️A. de La Cotardière, 📝Construire une Europe de la compliance lisible pour les entreprises
________
Frison-Roche, M.-A., Compliance, see
March 14, 2018
Teachings : Droit de la régulation bancaire et financière, semestre de printemps 2017-2018
Le droit des sociétés a été profondément touché par les deux phénomènes convergents mais qu'il convient de distinguer, l'analyse financière et la considération du marché financier. Cette première leçon porte sur l'évolution du droit des sociétés par l'analyse financière ; la seconde leçon portera sur la reconstitution du droit des sociétés par la considération du marché financier.
La Loi "PACTE" (plan d'action pour la croissance et la transformation des entreprises) qui est en train d'élaboration (projet de loi présenté en conseil des Ministres le 18 avrilcristallise l'ensemble d'une évolution. Elle se caractérise à la fois par son pragmatisme, visant à permettre aux petites et moyennes entreprises de se développer, notamment à l'international dans un environnement juridique sûr et à faible coût, et par une ambition politique très forte visant à transformer, voire à révolutionner les mœurs françaises, en associant davantage que les associés à la direction de la société, les "parties prenantes" devenant le cœur de la définition de la société, et ceci quelle que soit la taille et la nature de celle-ci, ce qui aurait des effets pratiques considérables, en bien et en moins bien.
A l'origine, la société est un contrat spécial, visé par le Code civil, par lequel des personnes mettent "en commun" leurs volontés et leurs apports pour tenter l'aventure risquée du commerce et de l'industrie (définition que le "rapport Notat-Senard du 9 mars 2018 semble récuser). L'exercice de cette liberté, associée à cette communauté de risque et de perspective de gains garantissent à eux-seuls l'équilibre du fonctionnement de la personne morale qui est le plus souvent construite sur ce contrat de société. On retrouve encore quelques traces de cette conception "contractualiste" et "patrimoniale" du XIXième siècle, la société restant proche de l'entrepreneur.
Dans sa conception classique, la société par sa construction même, par l'architecture des organes sociétaires et par la prudence intrinsèque de l'associé qui est intime du mandataire social, est autorégulée pour servir l'intérêt des associés, lequel n'est pas opposé à celui de l'entreprise.
L'analyse financière va transformer le regard que l'on va porter sur la société. Tout d'abord dans son rapport avec l'entreprise. L'on va considérer que la société n'est qu'une technique juridique, la personnalité morale étant un outil pour permettre à cette organisation d'accéder au commerce juridique. Du point de vue interne, l'on va faire voler en éclats la conception antérieure de l'unicité des intérêts pour faire apparaître la division structurelle des intérêts. Entre majoritaire et minoritaire. Entre managers et associés. Entre shareholders et stakeholders.
Le droit positif, notamment jurisprudentiel, traduit aussi cette préoccupation, par exemple par la théorie de l'abus de majorité, mais également de l'abus de minorité.
En outre, les textes évoluent, notamment pour favoriser des structures sociétaires plus équilibrées, comme la société à directoire et conseil de surveillance, d'origine allemande, voire pour dissocier le président et le directeur général.
Consulter le plan de la leçon.
Retourner au plan général du cours.
Retourner à la présentation générale du Cours.
Consulter le Dictionnaire bilingue du Droit de la Régulation et de la Compliance.
Consulter la bibliographie générale du Cours.
Voir bibliographie élémentaire et approfondie ci-dessous.
March 7, 2018
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Couret, A., Les commandements de la gouvernance, in Urbain-Parleani, I., et Conac, P.-H., (dir.), Regards sur l'évolution du droit des sociétés depuis la loi du 24 juillet 1966, Dalloz, 2018, pp.149-168.
Consulter une présentation de l'ouvrage.
Les étudiants de Sciences po peuvent lire l'article via le Drive dans le dossier "MAFR - Régulation & Compliance".
Dec. 7, 2017
Interviews
Référence complète : FRISON-ROCHE, M.-A., Il faut construire un dispositif européen de compliance, voilà l'avenir !, in Actualité/Entretien, Petites Affiches, propos recueillis par Olivia DUFOUR, n° 244, 7 déc. 2017, pp. 4-6.
Entretien donné à propos de la sortie de l'ouvrage Régulation, Supervision, Compliance.
Réponse aux questions suivantes :
______
May 20, 2015
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Lasserre, V., Le nouvel ordre juridique. Le droit de la gouvernance, préf. Terré, F., LexisNexis, 2015, 358 p.
March 11, 2015
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Sunstein, Cass. R., Simpler. The Future of Government, ... 2015.
We don’t need big government or small government; we need better government. Governments everywhere are undergoing a quiet and profound revolution: they’re getting simpler, more cost-effective, and focused on improved outcomes not politics.
Sur ce constat, on est tous d'accord. C'est après que cela se complique.
L'auteur, professeur de droit à Chicago, puis à Harvard, puis conseiller du Président Obama pour les questions de Régulation, dont le spécialiste américain, examine ce qui pourrait ou devrait être l'art de gouverner dans le futur : il doit devenir "plus simple".
Non pas pour ceux qui manient les règles mais pour ceux qui en subissent les conséquences, pour les destinataires des règles.
L'auteur estime que cela doit être fait non seulement pour des raisons politiques (la démocratie), mais parce que si les individus comprennent les règles ils peuvent alors choisir et agir, ce qui rend le système plus efficace. Ainsi, en matière de santé, cela sauve de nombreuses vies.
L'expérience américaine menée en matière de santé (le livre étant aussi un panégérique d'Obama, de son administration, ... et de l'auteur lui-même) peut être généralisé sur l'art de gouverner en toute matière, sur ce qui serait une technocratie participative.
On y mesurer que le Parlement n'y a guère voix au chapitre. Cela se comprend de la part d'un auteur si associé à la Maison-Blanche du temps d'Obama qui a sans cessé buté sur l'obstruction du Congrès.
Peut-on le suivre toujours sur ce point ?
Sept. 19, 2014
Thesaurus : Doctrine
Référence complète : Sunstein, Cass R., Valuing Life. Humanizing the Regulatory State, University of Chicago Press, 2014, 240 p.
Consulter la table des matières.
Lire la quatrième de couverture.
April 23, 2014
Thesaurus : Doctrine