Food for thoughts

► Référence complète : J.B. Racine, F. Siiriairnen, S. Menétrey, Droit du commerce international, Dalloz, coll. "Cours Dalloz-Série Droit privé", 4ière éd., 2025,  410 p.

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► Présentation de l'ouvrage : Ce Cours expose toutes les règles particulières du commerce international (vente, transport, distribution, etc.). Le droit du commerce international est devenu une discipline mise au cœur du processus de mondialisation de l'économie. Elle est donc en pleine expansion. Ce n'est pas seulement une branche du droit international privé.

Le droit du commerce international présente une autonomie certaine par son esprit, ses méthodes et son objet. Les sources de ce droit sont particulières dans la mesure où il fait la part belle aux usages du commerce international, plus généralement désignés sous l'appellation de lex mercatoria. Les acteurs du commerce international sont variés : il s'agit bien entendu des sociétés mais aussi des États . Le particularisme du droit du commerce international se situe aussi au stade des opérations du commerce international : la vente, le transport, la distribution, etc. obéissent à des règles particulières, le plus souvent des règles matérielles de source internationale. Enfin, l'importance et l'originalité du droit du commerce international se manifestent dans le recours à l'arbitrage. En tant que justice privée, l'arbitrage est aujourd'hui devenu le mode de résolution de droit commun des litiges du commerce international.

L'ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants qui découvrent la matière ainsi qu'aux universitaires et praticiens. Il allie connaissances théoriques et orientations pratiques. Il ouvre sur une vision différente du droit, c'est-à-dire un droit partiellement dissocié de l'État. Il met aussi l'accent sur la nécessité de bâtir un droit répondant aux défis de la mondialisation.

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📚Consulter l'ensemble de la collection dans laquelle l'ouvrage est publié

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📚Sont directement corrélés à cet ouvrage :

🕴️B. Haftel, 📕Droit international privé

🕴️D. Mainguy, 📕Contrats spéciaux

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, member of the jury for Annika Bauch's thesis, Le droit de l'entreprise à l'épreuve de la compliance (Company Law put to the test of Compliance), University of Toulouse, 5 June 2025, 2-5pm. 

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🪑🪑🪑Other members of the jury :  

🕴🏻Lukas Rass-Masson, Professor at Toulouse-Capitole University, thesis supervisor

🕴🏻Sandrine Tisseyre,  Professor at Toulouse-Capitole University, 

🕴🏻Marc-Philippe Weller,  Professor at the University of Heidelberg, Germany

🕴🏻Caroline Coupet, Professor at the Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II)

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► Presentation of the thesis: The thesis is based on French, American and German research. It is based on two perspectives.

The first part of the thesis describes the way in which Business Law  feeds into Compliance, since it is within Business Law (and more particularly Company Law and the legal rules governing corporate bodies) that Compliance, which the author presented  to have originated in the United States, has transformed the way in which companies must be managed, having to take into account the extra-financial dimension of their activity, which modifies the very notion of social interest and leads to the integration of stakeholders into the corporate functioning.

The second part of the thesis looks at the way in which Compliance has transformed Corporate Law, bringing with it new requirements, such as consideration of risks, regulatory mechanisms and ethical concerns, with the company itself becoming a vehicle for Compliance. This is achieved in particular by inserting compliance clauses into contracts, which is an appropriate but nevertheless limited tool for this compliance goal.

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At the end of her defence, the candidate was awarded the degree of Doctor of Law and was informally congratulated by her jury on the quality of her work.

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► Référence complète : A. Bauch,  Le droit de l’entreprise à l’épreuve de la compliance, Thèse Université Toulouse Capitole  2025, 492 pages dactyl.

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soutenue le 25 juin 2025.

🪑🪑🪑Membres du jury :  

🕴🏻Lukas Rass-Masson, professeure à l'Université Toulouse-Capitole, directeur de la thèse 

🕴🏻Sandrine Tisseyre,  professeure à l'Université Toulouse- Capitole, rapporteure 

🕴🏻Philippe Weller,  professeure à l'Université d'Heidelberg, rapporteur

🕴🏻Caroline Coupet, professeure à l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II)

🕴🏻Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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► Présentation de la thèse

Référence complète : Haut Comité Juridique de la Place de Paris, Les impacts juridiques et réglementaires de l'Intelligence Artificielle en matière bancaire, financière et des assurances, juin 2025.

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Lire le rapport

► Référence complète : ACPR, Comm. sanct., déc. n°2024-02, 19 juin 2025, Banque Delubac et Cie

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🏛️Lire la décision

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► Référence complète : M. S. Erie, "Compliance in China, in China in compliance, Wiley, 2025.

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► Résumé de l'article (par l'auteur) : Much of scholarly writing on compliance is derived from the experiences of Western multi- national corporations operating in developed economies. This introduction to the special issue “China in Compliance” departs from such convention by asking how compliance works in China. By broadening the scope of compliance studies to include non- Western contexts, including China and its relationship to the “Global South” and nondemocratic settings, the special issue breaks new ground in the empirical analysis of compliance industries, practices, and professionals. The special issue is comprised of seven articles that illustrate specific compliance problems for compliance in Chinese overseas direct investment. This introduction first provides a detailed overview of the growth of domestic corporate compliance in China over the last several years and then puts this growth in the context of Chinese companies engaging in overseas projects. It subsequently gives a roadmap of the articles and highlights their key themes and findings. The broader goal is to provide a conceptual foundation for the comparative study of compliance.

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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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► Référence complète : L. Rapp, "Équilibres instables. L'office du juge à l'épreuve du devoir de vigilance", AJDA, 2025, Etude, n01074.

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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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► Référence complète : Y. Broussole, "Professions libérales : vive les sociétés de participations pluri-professionnelles !", ActuJuridique, 19 juin 2025

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📝lire l'article

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► Résumé de l'article (fait par l'auteur) : "Le décret est pris en application de l’ordonnance n° 2023-77 du 8 février 2023 relative à l’exercice en société des professions libérales réglementées. Il fait suite aux cinq décrets du 14 août 2024 posant les conditions d’exercice en société des professions réglementées (avocat, notaire, commissaire de justice, greffier de tribunal de commerce et avocat au Conseil d’État et à la Cour de cassation). Ces professions peuvent désormais constituer des sociétés pluri-professionnelles d’exercice (SPE) pour exercer en commun leurs activités ou créer des sociétés de participations financières de professions libérales pluri-professionnelles (SPFP).".

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► Référence complète : Soc., 18 juin 2025, n°23-20.079, M c/ société MDC

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🏛️Lire l'arrêt

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Description de l'arrêt.

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► Référence complète : Paris, pôle 5, ch. 12, 17 juin 2025, RG n° 24-05193, S.A. La Poste

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🏛️Lire l'arrêt

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The will, the heart and the calculation, the three traits encercling the Compliance Obligation, March 2024.

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📝 This Working Paper is the basis for the contribution "The will, the heart and the calculation, the three traits encercling the Compliance Obligation", in📘Compliance Obligation.

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► Summary of this Working Paper: There is often a dispute over the pertinent definition of Compliance Law, but the scale and force of the resulting obligation for the companies subject to it is clear.  It remains difficult to define. First, we must not to be overwhelmed by the many obligations through which the Compliance Obligation takes shape, such as the obligation to map, to investigate, to be vigilant, to sanction, to educate, to collaborate, and so on. Not only this obligations list is very long, it is also open-ended, with companies themselves and judges adding to it as and when companies, sectors and cases require. 

Nor should we be led astray by the distance that can be drawn between the contours of this Compliance Obligation, which can be as much a matter of will, a generous feeling for a close or distant other in space or time, or the result of a calculation. This plurality does not pose a problem if we do not concentrate all our efforts on distinguishing these secondary obligations from one another but on measuring what they are the implementation of, this Compliance Obligation which ensures that entities, companies, stakeholders and public authorities, contribute to achieving the Goals targeted by Compliance Law, Monumental Goals which give unity to the Compliance Obligation.  Thus unified by the same spirit, the implementation of all these secondary obligations, which seem at once disparate, innumerable and often mechanical, find unity in their regime and the way in which Regulators and Judges must control, sanction and extend them, since the Compliance Obligation breathes a common spirit into them.

 In the same way that the multiplicity of compliance techniques must not mask the uniqueness of the Compliance Obligation, the multiplicity of sources must not produce a similar screen. Indeed, the Legislator has often issued a prescription, an order with which companies must comply, Compliance then often being perceived as required obedience. But the company itself expresses a will that is autonomous from that of the Legislator, the vocabulary of self-regulation and/or ethics being used in this perspective, because it affirms that it devotes forces to taking into consideration the situation of others when it would not be compelled to do so, but that it does so nonetheless because it cares about them. However, the management of reputational risks and the value of bonds of trust, or a suspicious reading of managerial choices, lead us to say that all this is merely a calculation.

Thus, the contribution sets out to identify the Compliance Obligation by recognising the role of all these different sources. It emphasises that, in monitoring the proper performance of technical compliance obligations by Managers, Regulators and Judges, insofar as they implement the Compliance Obligation, it is pointless to limit oneself to a single source or to rank them abruptly in order of importance. The Compliance Obligation is part of the very definition of Compliance Law, built on the political ambition to achieve these Monumental Goals of preserving systems - banking, financial, energy, digital, etc. - in the future, so that human beings who cannot but depend on them are not crushed by them, or even benefit from them. This is the teleological yardstick by which the Compliance Obligation is measured, and with it all the secondary obligations that give it concrete form, whatever their source and whatever the reason why the initial standard was adopted.

In order to define Compliance's Obligation, the contribution endeavours to recognise the contribution of all these three sources: Will, Heart and Calculation. 

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🔓read the developments below ⤵️

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Le Droit de la compliance, voie royale pour réguler l'espace numérique" (Compliance Law as a Royal Road for regulating the Digital Space), in P. Bonis et L. Castex (dir.), Compliance et nouvelles régulation, Annales des Mines, coll. "Enjeux numériques", juin 2025, pp.69-77.

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📝 read the article (in French) 

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🚧This article is underpinned by a English Working Paper in English, with additional technical developments and hypertext links. : Compliance Law as a Royal Road for regulating the Digital Space

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► English Summary of this article:  In order to describe the role of Compliance Law in regulating the digital space and to conclude that this new branch of Law is the 'royal road' to this end, this study proceeds in 6 stages. 

Firstly, at first sight and conceptually, there is a gap between the political idea of Regulating and the ideas (freedom and technology as 'law') on which the digital space has been built and is unfolding. 

Secondly, in practice, there is such a huge gap between the ordinary methods of Regulatory Law, which are backed by a State, and the organisation of the Digital Space by these economic operators, that are both American and global. 

Thirdly, the political claim to civilise the Digital Space remains and is growing, relying on the very strength of the entities capable of realising this ambition, these entities being the crucial digital operators themselves, seized as Ex Ante. 

Fourthly, it corresponds to the conception and practice of a new branch of Law, Compliance Law, which should not be confused with "conformity" and which is normatively anchored in its "Monumental Goals". 

Fifthly, Compliance Law internalises Monumental Goals in the digital operators which disseminate them through structures and behaviours in the digital space. 

Sixthly, through the interweaving of legislation, court rulings and corporate behaviour, the Monumental Goals are given concrete expression, willingly or by force, in ways that can civilise the digital space without undermining the primacy of freedom.

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► Full Reference: P. Bonis & M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Réguler le numérique, ou Sisyphe heureux" (Regulating Digital, or a happy Sisyphus), in P. Bonis & L. Castex (dir.), Compliance et Nouvelles Régulations, Les Annales des Mines, series "Enjeux numériques, June 2025, p.5-7.

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📝read the article (in French)

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📗read the table of content of this special issue of Enjeux numérique, Régulation et Compliance (in French), in which this introductory article is published.

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► English Summary of this article: This introduction to the collective publication on Regulation and Compliance, which aims to bring order to the Digital space, takes up the idea expressed by Camus when he referred to 'happy' Sisyphus, and expresses the idea that Regulation and Compliance are applied to this area with difficulty, relentlessness and failure, with texts constantly being adopted, modified and amplified on all sides, while the Digital Space is constantly changing, and the slope is constantly being climbed again. But this should not be seen as a failure, not even a flaw, because it is in the nature of digital regulation to always place the regulatory apparatus on our shoulders.

This weight is shared by all, by the Authorities of all countries, because there is something common to all and also because there is something specific for each, because the techniques differ and because the visions of the world that the Politicians print in the texts and project in the Digital will always differ. This weight is also shared by companies, which internalise the rules through Compliance mechanisms, making them necessary agents for the efficiency and sustainability of the digital system, but also players in it, in articulation with Internet users in a permanent and unstable articulation with the local to the finest and this global that the Internet has invented.

This presentation opens the series of contributions to the collective publication Régulation et Compliance, which makes up this special issue of Enjeux numériques in Annales des Mines.

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🌐read also the English presentation of:🕴️Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, 📝Le Droit de la compliance, voie royale pour réguler l'espace numérique (Compliance Law as a Royal Road for regulating the Digital Space)

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► Full Reference : M.-A. Frison-Roche, To master the regulatory mass of Compliance, think of it as a jigsaw puzzle,  Working Paper , May 2025

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📝 This Working Paper underpins the Newsletter MAFR Law -Compliance - Regulation  of 2 June 2025 : 

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► Summary of this Working Paper:  People are rightly complaining that Europe's regulatory and compliance regulations are too numerous, too complicated and too changeable. As a result, they are said to be unmanageable.

Three solutions are proposed: specialise lawyers, regulatory corpus by regulatory corpus; deregulate; entrust everything to algorithms.

These are inadequate solutions, because regulations cannot be understood unless they are put into perspective with the rest of the legal rules .; we have entered a new world, and these new regulations reflect the need for a new Law (unless we want to destroy the Law itself, which is what some people are dreaming of doing); algorithms reproduce past solutions and do not produce the new legal conception required.

For an appropriate solution, we need to move away from a word-by-word understanding of the regulatory and compliance regulations and understand them as a whole, not only in relation to the purpose that gives them meaning, but also in relation to each other. In the positive sense of the term, they form a European 'jigsaw puzzle'. We need to look at the overall picture in which each regulation fits and makes sense. It finds its simplicity in relation to its purpose.

It is always a question of working towards the sustainability of systems by asking companies to contribute so that the systems do not crush human beings but benefit them. Thus, in practice, the Monumental Goals of Compliance Law give clarity to the body of regulations which, when seen as a whole, are manageable and practical. Judges interpret them in this way.

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🔓read the Working Paper below⤵️

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► Full Reference: M.A. Frison-Roche, "100 fois remettre la Compliance sur le métier de la Stratégie" (100 times put Compliance back on the Strategy agenda), in Lettre d'information Compliance. Groupe SNCF, 100ième issue, 28 may 2025.

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📝read the article (in French)

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► English presentation of this article: This anniversary article sets out what Compliance is and should be in a large group. It expresses it in 4 points:

1. Actively master regulations by understanding their spirit

2. Improving risk detection without taking away the entrepreneurial spirit

3. Promoting convergence and managing conflict

4. Strengthen the company's identity by focusing on its strategic ambitions

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► Référence complète : I. Urbain-Parléani, Présentation de la Directive CSRD, in dossier spéc., I. Urbain-Parléani (dir.), La transposition de la directive CSRD, Revue Banque, janv. 2025, p.7-

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📗lire une présentation générale de l'ouvrage, La transposition de la directive CSRD, dans lequel cet article est publié

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► Full Reference : M.A. Frison-Roche, Le "Grand Arrêt" de la Cour d'appel de Paris du 7 mai 2025, Dalloz et al. c/Forseti, D.2025, p.

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📝reread the article (in French)

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► Ench presentation of this article: The first part of the article describes the Paris Court of Appeal's ruling against the company that created a Legaltech platform under the trade name 'Doctrine', which offers a large number of court rulings, particularly from lower courts. Sued for unfair competition by a group of publishers offering a similar service, they were not convicted at first instance, but were convicted by the Court of Appeal because it appeared that they had fraudulently obtained thousands of judgments, which, under Civil Law, constitutes unfair competition to the detriment of the plaintiffs.

The second part of the article draws 6 lessons from this. The power of general law. On the benefits that the perpetrator has derived from the slowness of justice.  On the importance of Open Data. On the fact that the law is not mastered by accumulating data but by putting it into perspective through the thinking of authors and publishers. On the indifference for this of the financiers who built and resold the "Doctrine" website. On the very nature of a 'Grand Arrêt', such as this one.

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► Référence complète : G. Beaumier & L. Gjesvik, "Digital Governance in a Rubber Band: Structural Constraints in Governing a Global Digital Economy", Global Studies Quarterly, vol. 5, issue 2.

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📝lire l'article

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► Résumé de l'article (fait les auteurs) : L’on représente souvent les États-Unis, l’Union européenne et la Chine comme l’incarnation de trois modèles de gouvernance numérique qui s’opposent. Leurs approches « de marché », « démocratique » et « autoritaire » refléteraient leurs préférences respectives s’agissant des acteurs qui devraient contrôler le développement et l’utilisation des technologies numériques. Nous affirmons qu’outre le fait de représenter différentes préférences, chaque modèle se distingue par la façon dont il résout les tensions inhérentes au gouvernement d’une économie numérique dans un contexte mondial. Lors de la création de nouvelles politiques numériques, les juridictions doivent composer avec les tensions pour atteindre trois objectifs: le maintien d’une autonomie réglementaire, la promotion de la compétitivité sur le marché et le soutien d’écosystèmes numériques ouverts et interopérables. Chose remarquable, plus elles s’efforcent d’atteindre au moins l’un de ces objectifs, plus il est difficile de progresser sur les autres, mécanisme qui met en évidence un « effet d’élastique ». Nous utilisons cet argument pour comprendre les changements de politique numérique au cœur de chaque juridiction, soulignant ce faisant qu’elles font montre de plus de dynamisme que l’on ne l’imagine généralement.

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The United States, the European Union, and China are often portrayed as representing three competing models of digital governance. Their so-called market, democratic, and authoritarian approach supposedly reflects their respective preferences over which actors should control the development and use of digital technologies. We argue that more than representing different preferences, each model differs in how it resolves inherent tensions associated with governing a digital economy in a global context. When devising new digital policies, jurisdictions must navigate tensions between achieving three policy objectives: maintaining regulatory autonomy, promoting market competitiveness, and supporting open and interoperable digital ecosystems. Significantly, the more they push to achieve one or more of these objectives, the harder it becomes to pursue the other(s), reflecting what we call a “rubber band” effect. We use this argument to make sense of changes in the digital policy in each jurisdiction, highlighting in the process their greater dynamism than often assumed.

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Con frecuencia, se tiende a presentar a Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y China como representantes de tres modelos de gobernanza digital que compiten entre sí. Sus respectivos enfoques (de mercado, democrático y autoritario) reflejan, supuestamente, sus respectivas preferencias con respecto a qué actores deben controlar el desarrollo y el uso de las tecnologías digitales. Argumentamos que, más que representar preferencias diferentes, cada modelo difiere en la forma en que resuelve las tensiones inherentes asociadas con la gobernanza de una economía digital en un contexto global. A la hora de diseñar nuevas políticas digitales, las jurisdicciones deben sortear las tensiones entre el logro de tres objetivos en materia de políticas: mantener la autonomía regulatoria, promover la competitividad del mercado y apoyar ecosistemas digitales abiertos e interoperables. Resulta significativo que cuanto más se esfuerzan los Gobiernos por lograr uno o más de estos objetivos, más difícil se vuelve perseguir el otro o los otros, lo que se refleja en lo que llamamos un efecto de «banda elástica». Utilizamos esta hipótesis con el fin de dar sentido a los cambios en materia de política digital de cada jurisdicción, destacando, en el proceso, que tienen un mayor dinamismo de lo que muchas veces se supone.

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🦉Cet article est accessible en texte intégral pour les personnes inscrites aux enseignements de la Professeure Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

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► Référence complète : Rapport France Stratégie, M. de Montaignac (coord.), c. Joly et P. Furic, Lutter contre les stéréotypes filles-garçons. Quel bilan de la décennie, quelles priorités d’ici 2030 ? , préf. Cl. Beaune, mai 2025.

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📓lire le rapport

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📝Lire la préface de Clément Beaune.

Dans cette préface, il insiste sur l'importance des réseaux sociaux sur la recrudescence des stéréotypes et sur la nécessité de réguler les plateformes dans cette perspectives.

Dans le rapport, voir les développements sur les stratégies des plateformes p.251 et s., spéc. p.293 et s. : "La construction de l’identité sociale en ligne se fait principalement sous le contrôle des plateformes et des réseaux socionumériques avec des mécanismes d’autorégulation insuffisants et de régulation publique peu efficaces".

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Compliance law as a Royal Road for regulating the Digital Space, Working Paper, May 2025

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📝 This Working Paper is the English basis for an article written in French "Le Droit de la compliance, voie royale pour réguler l'espace numérique", in 📕

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► Summary of this Working Paper: In order to describe the role of Compliance Law in regulating the digital space and to conclude that this new branch of Law is the 'royal road' to this end, this study proceeds in 6 stages. Firstly, at first sight and conceptually, there is a gap between the political idea of Regulating and the ideas (freedom and technology as 'law') on which the digital space has been built and is unfolding. Secondly, in practice, there is such a huge gap between the ordinary methods of Regulatory Law, which are backed by a State, and the organisation of the Digital Space by these economic operators, that are both American and global. Thirdly, the political claim to civilise the Digital Space remains and is growing, relying on the very strength of the entities capable of realising this ambition, these entities being the crucial digital operators themselves, seized as Ex Ante. Fourthly, it corresponds to the conception and practice of a new branch of Law, Compliance Law, which should not be confused with "conformity" and which is normatively anchored in its "Monumental Goals". Fifthly, Compliance Law internalises Monumental Goals in the digital operators which disseminate them through structures and behaviours in the digital space. Sixthly, through the interweaving of legislation, court rulings and corporate behaviour, the Monumental Goals are given concrete expression, willingly or by force, in ways that can civilise the digital space without undermining the primacy of freedom.

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🔓read the Working Paper below⤵️

► Référence complète : Cour de cassation, Préparer la Cour de cassation de demain. Cour de cassation et intelligence artificielle, rapport, avr. 2025, 159 p.

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📓lire le rapport

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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Appréhender la CSRD à travers sa ratio legis", synthèse de CSRD : une nouvelle grammaire pour l'économie de la durabilité, colloque organisé par le Centre de recherches Louis Josserand sous la direction de Luc-Marie Augagneur, Faculté de Droit, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3, 8 avril 2025, 

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Cette conférence constitue l'intervention de synthèse du colloque. C'est pourquoi elle a été construite à partir d'une méthode qui lui est propre à savoir la recherche et le respect de ce qui a justifié l'adoption de la CSRD, tout en s'appuyant sur chacun des propos qui ont été présentés lors de cette journée pour en rendre compte et les mettre en perspective de cette idée. 

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🧮consulter le programme complet de cette manifestation

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🪑🪑🪑Participent notamment également à cette manifestation :

🪑Jean-Christophe Roda

🪑Luc-Marie Augagneur

🪑Gilles Martin

🪑Grégoire Leray

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► Résumé de l'intervention : 

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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "Traduire dans l'institution judiciaire l'articulation entre l'international et le systémique", in... Le contentieux systémique émergent, un contentieux international justifiant la création de juridictions spécialisées ? Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3, 8 avril 2025, 

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Cette intervention intervient après l'intervention de synthèse du colloque. 

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🧮consulter le programme complet de cette manifestation

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► Résumé de l'intervention : 

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, Arbitration, a highly appropriate technique for deploying Compliance Law, in particular to satisfy the Vigilance Obligation, Working Paper, March 2025.

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🎤 This Working Paper was developed as a basis for the Overhang👁 video  on ...  April 2025 : click HERE 

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🎬🎬🎬In the collection of the Overhangs👁 It falls into the Notion category.

►Watch the complete collection of the Overhangs👁 : click HERE

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► Summary of this Working Paper: If Arbitration has so far not developed much in Compliance Law, it is because this new branch of Law is not well known. Indeed, if it were simply a matter of 'conformity' with mandatory regulations, then Arbitration involving rights that are freely available to the parties and Compliance would be 2 worlds that must ignore each other.

But Compliance Law is defined quite differently. Its normativity lies in the Monumental Goals set by the political authorities, which oblige large companies, because these compagnies are in a position to do so, to contribute to achieving these Goals, namely the future preservation of the Systems (banking, digital, climate, energy, etc.) and human beings involved. While the Goal is constrained, the company is free to choose the means, as long as these means  are credible. Arbitration is one of them. From the arbitration clause to the appropriate award.

One example is the Duty of Vigilance, the cutting edge of Compliance. In order to effectively find solutions in the value chain that the company governs, Arbitration is a suitable means of achieving the Monumental Goals of environmental protection and human rights, under the control of the Judge.

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► Full Reference: M.-A. Frison-Roche, The Contract, a Compliance tool: the Obligation for a platform to control content CE, 27 January 2025, B. c/ CNIL, Working Paper, March 2025.

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🎤 This Working Paper was developed as a basis for the Overhang👁 video  on 29 March 2025 : click HERE (in French)

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🎬🎬🎬In the collection of the Overhangs👁 It falls into the News category.

►Watch the complete collection of the Overhangs👁 : click HERE

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► Summary of this Working Paper: The ruling handed down on 15 January 2025 by the Commercial, Economic and Financial Chamber of the French Judicial Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) provides a solution to the issue of content control in the digital environment. It resolves what appears to be the aporia so often emphasised, and even claimed, namely the impossibility of developing an effective controlling technology.

To do this, the Court disregarded the applicable laws and referred to the electronic payment contract between the bank and the platform, which contained a clause on Vigilance against unlawful content, linked to a termination clause. It held that this clause was fully effective. This solution, so simple and so strong, can make a major contribution to regulating the digital space, if the banks so wish, because what platform can do without reliable electronic payment services?

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