06.1. Textes de l'Union Européenne

► Full Reference: Directive (EU) 2024/1760 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on corporate sustainability due diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 and Regulation (EU) 2023/2859 (CS3D)

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📧see on LinkedIn the article published by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche in the Newsletter MAFR. Regulation, Compliance, Law, on the occasion of the publication of this directive in the Official Journal of the European Union

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► Full Reference: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act - "IA Act")

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► Full Reference: Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation and repealing Regulation (EU) N° 995/2010.

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Référence complète : Règlement (UE) 2022/868, Data Governance Act, 30 mai 2023

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Extrait de l'exposé des motifs : "It is necessary to improve the conditions for data sharing in the internal market, by creating a harmonised framework for data exchanges and laying down certain basic requirements for data governance, paying specific attention to facilitating cooperation between Member States. This Regulation should aim to develop further the borderless digital internal market and a human-centric, trustworthy and secure data society and economy. "

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Présentation du Règlement par l'Union européenne :

•  THE AIM OF THE REGULATION?

The Data Governance Act (DGA) aims to make more data* available for reuse and facilitate data sharing across areas such as health, environment, energy, agriculture, mobility, finance, manufacturing, public administration and skills for the benefit of European Union (EU) citizens and businesses, creating jobs and stimulating innovation.

• KEY POINTS

The regulation sets out:

• conditions for reusing certain protected data held by public sector bodies;
• rules for companies providing data intermediation services;
• a framework for data altruism (the sharing of data voluntarily and for no reward);
• a framework for the European Data Innovation Board (EDIB); and
• measures to permit the secure flow of non-personal data outside the EU.

• 1.Reuse of certain categories of publicly held data: Public sector bodies hold vast amounts of data protected by third-party rights (such as trade secrets, personal data or intellectual property) that cannot be used as open data but that could be reused under specific EU or national rules. Whenever such reuse is allowed, public sector bodies will have to comply with the reuse conditions laid down by the DGA. Notably, the reuse conditions should be non-discriminatory, transparent, proportionate, justified and made publicly available.

  Data transfer to non-EU countries: A reuser intending to transfer protected, non-personal data to a non-EU country will have to comply with the specific rules in the DGA.

  Fees: Fees for reuse should be transparent, proportionate, non-discriminatory and objectively justified. Public sector bodies granting reuse permits can apply reduced or zero fees, for example, for small and medium-sized enterprises, start-ups, civil society organisations and educational establishments.

  Single information point: To ensure data can be found (‘findability’), EU Member States will have to ensure that all relevant information on conditions for reuse and on charges is available and easily accessible through a single information point. The European Commission will, in turn, collate this information at data.europa.eu.

• 2. Data intermediation services: The DGA regulates the providers of data intermediation services, which are neutral third parties that connect individuals and companies that hold data with others that want to use data. The requirements for such services aim to ensure that such data intermediaries will function as trustworthy organisers of data sharing. To increase trust in data sharing, this approach lays down a model based on the neutrality and transparency of data intermediaries while putting individuals and companies in control of their data.

  Entities wishing to provide data intermediation services must:

  • comply with strict requirements to ensure neutrality and avoid conflicts of interest;
  • have structural separation from any other value-added services provided;
  • have price terms independent of whether a potential data holder* or data user* is using other services; and
  • register with a competent authority.

   

• 3. Data altruism: Data altruism arises when individuals and companies give their consent or permission to make data that they generate available for use in the public interest, voluntarily and without reward. Such data have enormous potential to advance research and to develop better products and services, including in the fields of health, climate action and mobility. Member States may develop national policies to encourage data altruism and an entity engaged in data altruism can apply to be registered as a ‘data altruism organisation recognised in the Union’. The Commission will maintain an EU-level register of these organisations.
• 4. European Data Innovation Board: The Commission will set up the EDIB, which will consist of representatives of:
  • national authorities designated under the DGA;
  • the European Data Protection Board;
  • the European Data Protection Supervisor;
  • the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity;
  • the EU SME envoy; and
  • other specific sectors and bodies with specific expertise.

  The EDIB’s tasks include advising and assisting the Commission in:

  • developing consistent practice in processing requests for data reuse;
  • enhancing the interoperability of data and data-sharing services;
  • developing consistent practice of competent authorities in enforcing requirements applicable to data intermediation service* providers.

   

• 5. International data flows: As non-personal data may be of considerable economic value, the DGA introduces safeguards to protect such data from unlawful access by non-EU countries’ authorities.

► Full reference: Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 14 december 2022, amending Regulation (EU) n° 537/2014, Directive 2004/109/EC, Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 2013/34/EU, as regards corporate sustainability reporting (called "CSRD" (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive)).

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► Référence complète : Règlement (UE) 2022/2065 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 19 octobre 2022 relatif à un marché unique des services numériques et modifiant la directive 2000/31/CE (règlement sur les services numériques) (en anglais Digital Services Act - DSA).

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📝Commentaires de ce texte : 

• G. Loiseau, "Le Digital Services Act", Communication - Commerce électronique, n°2, février 2023, étude 3
   
• S. Merabet, "Le Digital Service Act : permanence des acteurs, renouvellement des qualifications", JCP G, n° 41, octobre 2022, doctr. 1175, pp. 1901-1907
   
• S. Merabet, Le Digital Services Act : guide d’utilisation de lutte contre les contenus illicites", JCP G, n° 42, octobre 2022, doctr. 1210, pp. 1958-1964

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► Full reference: Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 14 September 2022, on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act).

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Full reference: Directive (EU) 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC

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Référence complète : Règlement (UE) 2017/2402 du Parlement européen et du Conseil  du 12 décembre 2017 créant un cadre général pour la titrisation ainsi qu’un cadre spécifique pour les titrisations simples, transparentes et standardisées, et modifiant les directives 2009/65/CE, 2009/138/CE et 2011/61/UE et les règlements (CE) no 1060/2009 et (UE) no 648/2012.

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► Référence complète : Règlement (UE) 2016/679  du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 27 avril 2016 relatif à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel et à la libre circulation de ces données

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Référence complète : Directive  2014/95/UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 22 octobre 2014 modifiant la directive 2013/34/UE en ce qui concerne la publication d'informations non financières et d'informations relatives à la diversité par certaines grandes entreprises et certains groupes

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► Référence complète: Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 22 October 2014, amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups (called "NFRD" (Non Financial Reporting Directive)).

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Full reference: Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU

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Full reference: European Parliament and European Council, Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC

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Full reference: Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and the Council of 4 July 2012 on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories

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This regulation has been updated :

• by the Regulation n°648/2012 of 20th of May 2019 (Emir Refit) (in order to improve its efficiency and proportionnality)
• by the Regulation n°2019/2099 of 23rd of October 2019 (modifying supervision system of compensation rooms of Union and third countries). 

Full reference: Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on insider dealing and market manipulation (market abuse)

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