♾️ suivre Marie-Anne Frison-Roche sur LinkedIn

♾️s'abonner à la Newsletter MAFR Regulation, Compliance, Law 

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► Référence complète : M.-A. Frison-Roche, "La compliance, perspective dynamique pour exprimer la raison d'être des commissaires de justice", in Table-ronde sur "Professions réglementées, ambitions et enjeux", Congrès annuel national des Commissaires de justice, Paris, 8 décembre 2022. 

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►lire le programme complet du congrès et 🎥regarder la présentation du colloque par le président du Congrès

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🎥regarder le débat

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►présentation de l'intervention : Ce premier congrès annuel national des Commissaires de justice, réunissant pour la première fois la profession réformée, a débuté par un débat de 2 heures animé par une journaliste, débat entre les autres professions, les autorités publiques (Autorité de la concurrence, Chancellerie), ayant pour ma part à y apporter le regard académique :

Ce débat fut particulièrement animé et vivant, ne serait-ce qu'en raison de la configuration des lieux, chacun étant placé pour entrer dans un dialogue :

🎤 J'y pris la parole en premier pour insister sur le fait que les "professions" sont des structures qui ont un grand avenir, en ce qu'elles s'articulent avec le système économique libéral, qu'elles sont par nature régulées et porteuses de régulation, dans des systèmes qui, pour demeurer libéraux, vont en avoir de plus en plus besoin. Cela est pertinent pour la profession des Commissaires de justice qui procurent de la sécurité, via de l'incontestabilité reposant aussi sur le lien entre celle-ci et les faits, et qui assurent l'effectivité des engagements en gardant le souci du lien social.

🎤 J'ai repris la parole lorsque la place de la Compliance fut évoquée. Dépassant l'exigence de "conformité", qui n'est qu'un outil de la Compliance, j'ai montré l'avenir du Droit de la Compliance, notamment dans l'Europe qui associe dynamisme économique, souci des personnes et de l'environnement, et l'alliance que cela implique entre les Autorités politiques et publiques et les entités susceptibles de participer à la concrétisation de ces Buts Monumentaux de la Compliance.

📕 Pour aller plus loin :  M.-A. Frison-Roche (dir.), Les buts monumentaux de la compliance, 2022.

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regarder la présentation du colloque par le président du Congrès

Watch the video commenting on the decision of the Commission des sanctions of the Autorité des marchés financiers - AMF (French Financial Market Authority Sanctions Commission).

Read the decision.

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In 2015, a document supposedly emanating from the Vinci company reached the Bloomberg media announcing unexpected catastrophic results. The two journalists who received it immediately published it without checking anything, the Vinci listed shares losing more than 18%. It was a rude forgery, which a basic check would have established, a check which the journalists had not done.

4 years later, the Bloomerg company is punished for the breach to "disseminate false information" on the financial market, by a decision of the Sanctions Commission of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (French Financial Markets Authority) of December 11, 2019.

The company being sued argued that it was up to journalists to be accountable and not to itself, because on the contrary the firm had implemented both detection software and a code of conduct, even though there was no legal rule constraining it. In consequence, it would not possible to pursue it.

But the AMF Sanctions Commission stresses that, independently of this, it is a general rule of ethics for journalists that obliges them to verify the authenticity of the documents they publish, which they did not, whereas an elementary check would have allowed them to measure that it is a rude forgery.

In addition, the Sanctions Commission refers to the European Regulation on market abuses which in its article 21 targets the special status to be reserved for press freedom and the special status of journalists, but associates this ethical obligation to verify documents . However, the Sanctions Commission notes that this obligation, which was targeted by both the journalists' ethics and the reference text of Financial Law, was completely ignored by the two journalists. It is therefore up to the press agency to be accountable and to be punished.

However, the media entreprise maintained that the balance between the principle of freedom of the press and the principle of freedom of opinion on the one hand and the principle of the protection of the financial market and of investors against false information disseminated requires an interpretation of the European Union Law, which must oblige the Sanctions Commission to ask a preliminary question to the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The Sanctions Commission dismisses this request because it considers that the European texts are "clear", which allows the Sanctions Commission to interpret them itself. And precisely the European Regulation on market abuse in its article 21 provides for the exception in favor of the press and journalists but compels them to respect their ethics, in particular the verification of the authenticity of documents. In this case, they did nothing. They are clearly the authors of a breach attributable to the company.

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In a less clear case, one could consider that this balance between two principles, both of public interest, is delicate and that an interpretation by the Court of Justice would always be useful.

Indeed and more fundamentally, does Financial Law remain an autonomous Law, putting first the objective of the preservation of the integration of the financial market and the protection of investors or is it the advanced point of an Information Law protecting everyone against the action of any "influencer" (category to which Bloomberg belongs) consisting in disseminating inaccurate information (notion of "misinformation")?

And that is not so "clear" ....

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