May 14, 2026

Questions of Law

🧱𝐄𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞, 𝐜𝐞 𝐧'𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐬 𝐥𝐚 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭é 𝐪𝐮𝐢 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐞 : 𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐢𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬, 𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐬 𝐥'𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐝𝐞 𝐥'𝐈𝐀 𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐞 à 𝐥'𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞 𝐥'𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche

This article, published on 11 May 2026, shows that, rather than working on a subject in order to draw relevant conclusions from it, publications appear which are no more than the outcome, or the extension, of other publications previously collected. Reading notes.

Everything is mixed together, everything is repeated, and it ends up claiming to be drawn from the observation of reality.

But nothing is observed directly from reality: it is simply the gathering of the most diverse studies previously written on a subject.

Studies, possibly of poor quality and fairly disparate, are collated — AI being the perfect instrument for that — and this produces a new study, with a great many footnotes and a great many assertions.

This newly published study will in turn feed the next publications, which will be built in the same way.

That is how new “experts” can multiply: to publish, one need be neither very learned nor go and observe the real.

The number of publications is indeed exploding. Mechanically.

The use of AI has made all this easier.

And yet we so badly need innovative thought — thought which does not necessarily take up what earlier publications have said.

That is what is expected of the University.

For the University must not be made up of “repeaters”, but of professors who observe reality, think for themselves and imagine.

The classical definition of the University is more than ever required. It is more than ever in danger.

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